Bolch CJ, Orr PT, Jones GJ, Blackburn SI (1999) Genetic, morphological, and toxicological variation among globally distributed strains of Nodularia (Cyanobacteria). J Phys 35(2):339–355
CAS
Google Scholar
Boom R, Sol C, Salimans M, Jansen C, Wertheim-van Dillen P, Van der Noordaa J (1990) Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acids. J Clin Microbiol 28(3):495–503
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Boyer SL, Flechtner VR, Johansen JR (2001) Is the 16s–23s rRNA internal transcribed spacer region a good tool for use in molecular systematics and population genetics? A case study in cyanobacteria. Mol Biol Evol 18(6):1057–1069
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Castenholz RW (1992) Species usage, concept, and evolution in the cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). J Phycol 28(6):737–745
Article
Google Scholar
Castenholz RW (2001) Phylum BX. Cyanobacteria. Springer, New York
Book
Google Scholar
Castenholz R, Waterbury J (1989) Oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. Group I. Cyanobacteria. Bergey’s Man Syst Bacteriol 3:1710–1806
Google Scholar
Chorus I, Bartram J (1999) Toxic cyanobacteria in water: a guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management. E & FN Spon Press, London
Book
Google Scholar
Codd GA, Bell SG, Kaya K, Ward CJ, Beattie KA, Metcalf JS (1999) Cyanobacterial toxins, exposure routes and human health. Eur J Phycol 34(04):405–415
Article
Google Scholar
Codd GA, Morrison LF, Metcalf JS (2005) Cyanobacterial toxins: risk management for health protection. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 203(3):264–272
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dissanayake CB (1996) Water quality and dental health in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 113(1):131–140
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Dissanayake CB (2005) Water quality in the dry zone of Sri Lanka—some interesting health aspects. J Natl Sci Found Sri Lanka 33(3):161–168
Google Scholar
Dissanayake CB, Weerasooriya SV (1987) Medical geochemistry of nitrates and human cancer in Sri Lanka. Int J Environ Stud 30(2–3):145–156
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Dittmann E, Wiegand C (2006) Cyanobacterial toxins—occurrence, biosynthesis and impact on human affairs. Mol Nutr Food Res 50(1):7–17
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
dos Vieira SJM, de Azevedo PMT, de Oliveira Azevedo SM, Honda RY, Corrêa B (2003) Microcystin production by Radiocystis fernandoi (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria) isolated from a drinking water reservoir in the city of Belém, PA, Brazilian Amazonia region. Toxicon 42(7):709-713
Ercolini D (2004) PCR-DGGE fingerprinting: novel strategies for detection of microbes in food. J Microbiol Methods 56(3):297–314
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ferris M, Muyzer G, Ward D (1996) Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of 16s rRNA-defined populations inhabiting a hot spring microbial mat community. Appl Environ Microbiol 62(2):340–346
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fox GE, Wisotzkey JD, Jurtshuk P (1992) How close is close: 16s rRNA sequence identity may not be sufficient to guarantee species identity. Int J Syst Bacteriol 42(1):166–170
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Garcia-Pichel F, López-Cortés A, Nübel U (2001) Phylogenetic and morphological diversity of cyanobacteria in soil desert crusts from the Colorado Plateau. Appl Environ Microbiol 67(4):1902–1910
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Giovannoni S (1991) The polymerase chain reaction. In: Stackebrandt E, Goodfellow M (eds) Nucleic acids techniques in bacterial systematics. Wiley, Chichester, pp 177–203
Google Scholar
Hasler P, Dvorak P, Ondrej V, Kitner M, Hlouskova P, Poulickova A (2011) The importance of the polyphasic approach in a comparative study of Nodularia (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria). Preslia 83(1):167–182
Google Scholar
Henson BJ, Hesselbrock SM, Watson LE, Barnum SR (2004) Molecular phylogeny of the heterocystous cyanobacteria (subsections IV and V) based on nif D. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54(2):493–497
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Honda D, Yokota A, Sugiyama J (1999) Detection of seven major evolutionary lineages in cyanobacteria based on the 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis with new sequences of five marine Synechococcus strains. J Mol Evol 48(6):723–739
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jayatissa L, Silva E, McElhiney J, Lawton L (2006) Occurrence of toxigenic cyanobacterial blooms in freshwaters of Sri Lanka. Syst Appl Microbiol 29(2):156–164
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jiang Y, Xiao P, Yu G, Sano T, Pan Q, Li R (2012) Molecular basis and phylogenetic implications of deoxycylindrospermopsin biosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis curvata. Appl Environ Microbiol 78(7):2256–2263
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kuiper-Goodman IF, Fitzgerald J (1999) Human health aspects. In: Chorus I, Bertram J (eds) Toxic cyanobacteria in water: a guide to public health significance, monitoring and management. Springer, London, pp 125–161
Google Scholar
Kulasooriya S (2011) Cyanobacteria: pioneers of planet earth. Ceylon J Sci 40(2):71–88
Google Scholar
Lepère C, Wilmotte A, Meyer B (2000) Molecular diversity of Microcystis strains (cyanophyceae, chroococcales) based on 16s rDNA sequences. Syst Geograp Plants 70:275–283
Article
Google Scholar
Li R, Carmichael WW, Brittain S, Eaglesham GK, Shaw GR, Liu Y et al (2001) First report of the cyanotoxins cylindrospermopsin and deoxycylindrospermopsin from Raphidiopsis curvata (Cyanobacteria). J Phycol 37(6):1121–1126
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Liyanage HM, Magana-Arachchi DN, Kulasooriya SA, Chandrasekharan NV, Wanigatunge RP (2010) Detection of cyanotoxin; microcystin from Kandy Lake with molecular and biochemical methods. In: Proceedings of the Sri Lanka association for the advancement of science. 66th annual session
Lombardo M, Pinto FC, Vieira JM, Honda RY, Pimenta AM, Bemquerer MP, Carvalho LR, Kiyota S (2006) Isolation and structural characterization of microcystin-LR and three minor oligopeptides simultaneously produced by Radiocystis feernandoi (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteriae): A Brazilian toxic cyanobacterium. Toxicon 47(5):560–566
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ludwig W, Schleifer K (1994) Bacterial phylogeny based on 16s and 23s rRNA sequence analysis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 15(2):155–173
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lyra C, Suomalainen S, Gugger M, Vezie C (2001) Molecular characterization of planktic cyanobacteria of Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis and Planktothrix genera. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:513–526
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Magana-Arachchi DN, Liyanage HM (2012) Determining the presence of cyanotoxins in water reservoirs of Anuradhapura, using molecular and bioassay methods. J Natl Sci Found Sri Lanka 40(2):157–167
Google Scholar
Magana-Arachchi D, Wanigatunge R, Jeyanandarajah P (2009) Setting up a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of toxic cyanobacteria. J Natl Sci Found Sri Lanka 36(3):229–233
Google Scholar
Magana-Arachchi D, Wanigatunge R, Liyanage M (2011) Molecular characterization of cyanobacterial diversity in Lake Gregory, Sri Lanka. Chin J Oceanol Limnol 29(4):898–904
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Moreira D, Philippe H (2010) Molecular phylogeny: pitfalls and progress. Int Microbiol 3(1):9–16
Google Scholar
Moreira C, Fathalli A, Vasconcelos V, Antunes A (2011) Genetic diversity and structure of the invasive toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. Curr Microbiol 62(5):1590–1595
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Neilan BA (1995) Identification and phylogenetic analysis of toxigenic cyanobacteria by multiplex randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 61(6):2286–2291
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Neilan BA, Jacobs D, Goodman AE (1995) Genetic diversity and phylogeny of toxic cyanobacteria determined by DNA polymorphisms within the phycocyanin locus. Appl Environ Microbiol 61(11):3875–3883
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Neilan BA, Jacobs D, Blackall LL, Hawkins PR, Cox PT, Goodman AE (1997) rRNA sequences and evolutionary relationships among toxic and nontoxic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47(3):693–697
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nelissen B, Wilmotte A, De Baere R, Haes F, Van De Peer Y, Neefs JM et al (1992) Phylogenetic study of cyanobacteria on the basis of 16s ribosomal RNA sequences. Belg J Bot 125(2):210–213
Normand P, Ponsonnet C, Nesme X, Neyra M, Simonet P (1996) ITS analysis of prokaryotes. Mol Microb Ecol Man 3(5):1–2
Google Scholar
Nübel U, Garcia-Pichel F, Muyzer G (1997) PCR primers to amplify 16s rRNA genes from cyanobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 63(8):3327–3332
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Oksanen I, Jokela J, Fewer DP, Wahlsten M, Rikkinen J, Sivonen K (2004) Discovery of rare and highly toxic microcystins from lichen-associated cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. Strain IO-102-I. Appl Environ Microbiol 70(10):5756–5763
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Olson JM (2006) Photosynthesis in the Archean era. Photosynth Res 88(2):109–117
Article
MathSciNet
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Otsuka S, Suda S, Li R, Watanabe M, Oyaizu H, Matsumoto S et al (1999) Phylogenetic relationships between toxic and non-toxic strains of the genus Microcystis based on 16s to 23s internal transcribed spacer sequence. FEMS Microbiol Lett 172(1):15–21
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Palinska KA, Liesack W, Rhiel E, Krumbein WE (1996) Phenotype variability of identical genotypes: the need for a combined approach in cyanobacterial taxonomy demonstrated on Merismopedia-like isolates. Arch Microbiol 166(4):224–233
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Patel JB (2001) 16s rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial pathogen identification in the clinical laboratory. Mol Diagn 6(4):313–322
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Perera MBU, Yatigammana SK, Kulasooriya SA (2012) Prevalence of toxigenic cyanobacteria in different climatic zones of Sri Lanka. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on water quality and human health: challenges ahead, pp 31–32
Premanandh J, Priya B, Teneva I, Dzhambazov B, Prabaharan D, Uma L (2006) Molecular characterization of marine cyanobacteria from the Indian subcontinent deduced from sequence analysis of the phycocyanin operon (cpcB-IGS-cpca) and 16s–23s ITS region. J Micrbiol 44:607–616
CAS
Google Scholar
Prinsep MR, Caplan FR, Moore RE, Patterson GML, Honkanen RE, Boynton AL (1992) Microcystin-LA from a blue-green alga belonging to the Stigonematales. Phytochemistry 31:1247–1248
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rainey FA, Ward-Rainey NL, Janssen PH, Hippe H, Stackebrandt E (1996) Clostridium paradoxum DSM 7308T contains multiple 16S rRNA genes with heterogeneous intervening sequences. Microbiology 142(8):2087–2095
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rajendhran J, Gunasekaran P (2011) Microbial phylogeny and diversity: small subunit ribosomal RNA sequence analysis and beyond. Microbiol Res 166(2):99–110
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rango T, Jeuland M, Manthrithilake H, McCornick P (2015) Nephrotoxic contaminants in drinking water and urine, and chronic kidney disease in rural Sri Lanka. Sci Total Environ 518:574–585
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rippka R (1988) Isolation and purification of cyanobacteria. Methods Enzymol 167:3–27
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robertson BR, Tezuka N, Watanabe MM (2001) Phylogenetic analyses of Synechococcus strains (cyanobacteria) using sequences of 16s rDNA and part of the phycocyanin operon reveal multiple evolutionary lines and reflect phycobilin content. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51(3):861–871
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rudi K, Skulberg OM, Skulberg R, Jakobsen KS (2000) Application of sequence-specific labeled 16s rRNA gene oligonucleotide probes for genetic profiling of cyanobacterial abundance and diversity by array hybridization. Appl Environ Microbiol 66(9):4004–4011
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sethunge S, Manage PM (2010a) Nuisance algae in water supply projects in Sri Lanka. In: International conference on sustainable built environment (ICSBE), pp 62–70
Sethunge S, Manage PM (2010b) Determination of toxic cyanobacteria dominance using important value index (IVI) in some selected water bodies in Sri Lanka. In: Proceedings of the 30th annual sessions of institute of biology, Sri Lanka
Silva E (2003) Emergence of a Microcystis bloom in an urban water body, Kandy Lake, Sri Lanka. Curr Sci 85(6):723–725
Google Scholar
Silva E, Samaradiwakara S (2005) Limnology of Kandy Lake before the outbreak of a cyanobacterial bloom in May 1999. III. Phytoplankton composition and succession. Sri Lanka J Aquat Sci 10:55–71
Article
Google Scholar
Silva E, Wijeyaratne M (1999) The occurrence of cyanobacteria in the reservoir of the Mahaweli River basin in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka J Aquat Sci 4:51–60
Google Scholar
Stanier R, Sistrom W, Hansen T, Whitton B, Castenholz R, Pfennig N et al (1978) Proposal to place the nomenclature of the cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) under the rules of the international code of nomenclature of bacteria. Int J Syst Bacteriol 28(2):335–336
Article
Google Scholar
Stewart I, Webb PM, Schluter PJ, Shaw GR (2006) Recreational and occupational field exposure to freshwater cyanobacteria—a review of anecdotal and case reports, epidemiological studies and the challenges for epidemiologic assessment. Environ Health 5(1):6
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stucken K, John U, Cembella A, Murillo AA, Soto-Liebe K, Fuentes-Valdés JJ et al (2010) The smallest known genomes of multicellular and toxic cyanobacteria: comparison, minimal gene sets for linked traits and the evolutionary implications. PLoS ONE 5(2):e9235
Article
ADS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2004) Mega4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24(8):1596–1599
Article
Google Scholar
Tanabe Y, Kasai F, Watanabe MM (2007) Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) reveals high genetic diversity and clonal population structure of the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Microbiology 153(11):3695–3703
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tillett D, Parker DL, Neilan BA (2001) Detection of toxigenicity by a probe for the microcystin synthetase a gene (mcyA) of the cyanobacterial genus Microcystis: comparison of toxicities with 16s rRNA and phycocyanin operon (phycocyanin intergenic spacer) phylogenies. Appl Environ Microbiol 67(6):2810–2818
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Turner S (1997) Molecular systematics of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. Origins of algae and their plastids. Springer, New York, pp 13–52
Chapter
Google Scholar
Valério E, Chambel L, Paulino S, Faria N, Pereira P, Tenreiro R (2009) Molecular identification, typing and traceability of cyanobacteria from freshwater reservoirs. Microbiology 155(2):642–656
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vinuesa P, Rademaker JL, de Bruijn FJ, Werner D (1998) Genotypic characterization of bradyrhizobium strains nodulating endemic woody legumes of the Canary Islands by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of genes encoding 16s rRNA (16s rDNA) and 16s–23s rDNA intergenic spacers, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR genomic fingerprinting, and partial 16s rDNA sequencing. Appl Environ Microbiol 64(6):2096–2104
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ward D, Ferris M, Bateson M, (1995) Organization of native populations within hot spring microbial mat communities: need for a more ecological approach. In: Abstract of papers, 7th symposium of the international society for microbial ecology, Santos, Brazil
Weller R, Weller JW, Ward D (1991) 16s rRNA sequences of uncultivated hot spring cyanobacterial mat inhabitants retrieved as randomly primed cDNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 57(4):1146–1151
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
West NJ, Adams DG (1997) Phenotypic and genotypic comparison of symbiotic and free-living cyanobacteria from a single field site. Appl Environ Microbiol 63(11):4479–4484
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Whitton BA (2012) Ecology of cyanobacteria II: their diversity in space and time. Springer Science & Business Media
Whitton BA, Potts M (2000) The ecology of cyanobacteria: Their diversity in time and space. Springer, New York
Google Scholar
Wilmotte A, Herdman M (2001) Phylogenetic relationships among the cyanobacteria based on 16s rRNA sequences. In: Boone DR, Castenholzr W (eds) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. Second edition, volume 1. The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic bacteria. Springer, New York, pp 487–493
Google Scholar
Wilson KM, Schembri MA, Baker PD, Saint CP (2000) Molecular characterization of the toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and design of a species-specific PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 66(1):332–338
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wimalawansa SA, Wimalawansa SJ (2014) Impact of changing agricultural practices on human health: chronic kidney disease of multi-factorial origin in Sri Lanka. Wudpecker J Agric Res 3(5):110–124
Google Scholar
Wimalawansa S, Wimalawansa SJ (2015) Protection of watersheds and control of fertilisers to prevent phosphate eutrophication of reservoirs in Sri Lanka. Int Res J Environ Sci 1(2s):1–7
Google Scholar
Wu Z, Shi J, Xiao P, Liu Y, Li R (2011) Phylogenetic analysis of two cyanobacterial genera Cylindrospermopsis and Raphidiopsis based on multi-gene sequences. Harmful Algae 10(5):419–425
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zapomělová E, Hisem D, Řeháková K, Hrouzek P, Jezberová J, Komárková J, Korelusová J, Znachor P (2008) Experimental comparison of phenotypical plasticity and growth demands of two strains from the Anabaena circinalis/A. crassa complex (cyanobacteria). J Plankton Res 30(11):1257–1269
Article
Google Scholar
Zoysa DS, Weerasinghe TK (2016) Study on the chemical and biological status of Malwatu oya basin, Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka. Br J Environ Sci 4(1):1
Google Scholar