Fig. 4
Transmission electron micrographs of M. oryzae cells exposed to liquid culture of B. subtilis. M. oryzae P131 conidia and hyphae in the a–c absence of either agent, d, e presence of liquid culture of B. subtilis SYX04 and f, g liquid culture of B. subtilis SYX20 at a concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/g. Fungal cells treated with SYX04 and SYX20 exhibited significant morphological and ultrastructural abnormalities, such as increased vacuolation, invagination distortion, retraction of the plasma membranes, and formation of polymorphic vesicles. f, g Loss of plasma membrane integrity and the formation of pores were observed. Scale bars 1 μm, 100 nm, and 200 nm