Effects of dietary lysine levels on plasma free amino acid profile in late-stage finishing pigs

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Table 4 The concentrations of free amino acids in the plasma of finishing pigs fed three levels of dietary lysine¹

Amino acids (nmol/mL)²	Treatment group			SE³	P value⁴
Amino acids (nmol/mL)²	Diet I	Diet II	Diet III	SE³	P value⁴
Lysine	91.0^a	317.6^b	501.4^c	42.5	<0.0001
Total EAA	1132.4^b	861.6^a	840.7^a	44.5	0.0009
Leucine	179.4^a	195.9^a,b	200.1^b	6.32	0.081
Histidine	124.1^b	89.4^a	88.3^a	8.21	0.011
Phenylalanine	106.4^b	56.6^a	58.2^a	11.3	0.010
Isoleucine	108.4^b	77.1^a	77.9^a	5.32	0.001
Threonine	258.4^b	149.7^a	138.8^a	11.2	<0.0001
Valine	209.1^b	142.8^a	144.6^a	10.1	0.0004
Methionine	64.4	59.7	58.3	3.03	0.352
Tryptophan	82.1	90.2	74.6	6.12	0.231
Total NEAA	2929.5^a	3444.0^b	3325.5^b	107.3	0.013
Arginine	228.1^b	185.5^a	159.6^a	13.3	0.008
Citrulline	102.2^b	76.3^a	63.1^a	6.69	0.003
Alanine	400.9^a	509.1^b	509.8^b	31.9	0.045
Glutamate	89.5^a	128.6^b	106.0^b	12.3	0.113
Glycine	917.4^a	1324.0^b	1308.4^b	52.6	<0.0001
Asparagine	69.4^a	78.3^a	103.9^b	7.98	0.021
Aspartate	17.0	18.1	18.3	1.87	0.869
β-Alanine	47.7	51.6	44.4	3.71	0.413
Cysteine, total⁵	193.8	203.3	199.8	4.72	0.385
Glutamine	459.4	466.5	420.8	17.3	0.166
Ornithine	110.2	93.8	108.0	8.00	0.319
Proline	286.2	290.2	284.0	5.57	0.734
Serine	190.5	235.1	233.0	24.0	0.358
Taurine	189.1	174.8	147.8	15.2	0.185
Tyrosine	108.2	102.5	102.5	4.57	0.611
Total AA	4152.9^a	4623.2^b	4667.6^b	146.2	0.053

¹Calculated total lysine contents (as-fed basis) in Diets I, II, and III were 0.43, 0.71, and 0.98 %, respectively
²EAA = essential amino acids excluding lysine, NEAA = “non-essential amino acids”, and total AA include lysine, total EAA, and total NEAA
³SE = pooled standard error of the mean, n = 6
⁴ P values were obtained from the ANOVA F test
⁵Total cysteine (cysteine + ½ cystine)
^a,b,cMeans within a row that do not share a same superscript differ (P < 0.05)