Athuraliya NTC, Abeysekera TDJ, Amerasinghe PH, Kumarasiri R, Bandara P, Karunaratne U, Milton AH, Jones AL (2011) Uncertain etiologies of proteinuric-chronic kidney disease in rural Sri Lanka. Kidney Int 80:1212–1221
Article
Google Scholar
Bandara JMRS, Wijewardena HVP, Liyanege J, Upul MA, Bandara JMU (2010) Chronic renal failure in Sri Lanka caused by elevated dietary cadmium: Trojan horse of the green revolution. Toxicol Lett 198:33
Article
Google Scholar
Chandrajith R, Seneviratna S, Wickramaarachchi K, Attanayake T, Aturaliya TNC, Dissanayake CB (2009) Natural radionuclides and trace elements in rice field soils in relation to fertilizer application: study of a chronic kidney disease area in Sri Lanka. Environ Earth Sci 60:193–201
Article
Google Scholar
Davenport JR, Peryea FJ (1991) Phosphate fertilizers influence leaching of lead and arsenic in a soil contaminated with lead arsenate. Water Air Soil Pollut 57–58:101–110
Article
Google Scholar
de la Torre A, Granero S, Mayayo E, Corbella J, Domingo JL (1999) Effect of age on vanadium nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Lett 105:75–82
Article
Google Scholar
Department of Census, Sri Lanka (2012), Results of census of population and housing Sri Lanka. http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=CPH%202011_R1&gp=Activities&tpl=3 Accessed on 21 Nov 2014
Dissanayake CB, Chandrajith R (2009) Phosphate mineral fertilizers, trace metals and human health J Natn Sci Foundation Sri Lanka 37:153–165.
Ekanayake H (2009) The Impact of Fertilizer Subsidy on Paddy Cultivation in Sri Lanka. Staff Studies 3:74–96
Google Scholar
Fernando R, De Silva S (2006) Banned chemicals in Sri Lanka. National Poisons Information Centre, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Google Scholar
Fonseka SI, Amarasinghe MD, Paranagama PA (2012) Preliminary investigations on presence of arsenic in Sri Lankan soils and plants. Paper presented at the 12th Annual Research Symposium, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, pp 4–6
Google Scholar
Food and agricultural organization of the United Nations (2014), Arsenic in rice. [http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/238802/icode/] Accessed 21 Nov 2014
Golka K, Hengstler JG, Marchan R, Bolt HM (2010) Severe arsenic poisoning: One of the largest man-made catastrophies. Arch Toxicol 84:583–584
Article
Google Scholar
Jayasumana MACS, Paranagama PA, Amarasinghe MD, Wijewardane KMRC, Dahanayake KS, Fonseka SI, Rajakaruna KDLMP, Mahamithawa AMP, Samarasinghe UD, Senanayake VK (2013) Possible link of Chronic arsenic toxicity with Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka. J Nat Sci Res 3:64–73
Google Scholar
Jayasumana C, Gajanayake R, Siribaddana S (2014a) Importance of Arsenic and pesticides in epidemic chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka. BMC Nephrol 15:124
Article
Google Scholar
Jayasumana C, Gunatilake S, Senanayake P (2014b) Glyphosate, hard water and nephrotoxic metals: Are they the culprits behind the epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka? Int J Environ Res Public Health 11:2125–2147
Article
Google Scholar
Jayatilake N, Mendis S, Maheepala P, Mehta FR (2013) Chronic kidney disease of uncertain aetiology: prevalence and causative factors in a developing country. BMC Nephrol 14:180
Article
Google Scholar
Jiao W, Chen W, Chang AC, Page AL (2012) Environmental risks of trace elements associated with long-term phosphate fertilizers applications: A review. Environ Pollut 168:44–53
Article
Google Scholar
Kapaj S, Peterson H, Liber K, Bhattacharya P (2006) Human health effects from chronic arsenic poisoning-a review. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 41:2399–2428
Article
Google Scholar
Loghman-Adham M (1997) Renal effects of environmental and occupational lead exposure. Environ Health Perspect 105:928–938
Article
Google Scholar
Lopez DL, Ribo A, Quinteros E, Mejia R, Lopez A, Jovel R, Vandervort D, Orantes C (2013) Heavy metals, arsenic, and pesticide contamination in an area with high incidence of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional causes in El Salvador. Paper presented at the AGU Fall meeting, San Francisco, USA, pp 9–13
Google Scholar
López-Marín L, Chávez Y, García XA, Flores WM, García YM, Herrera R, Almaguer M, Orantes CM, Calero D, Bayarre HD, Amaya JC, Magaña S, Espinoza PA, Serpas L (2014) Histopathology of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Salvadoran agricultural communities. MEDICC Rev 16:49–54
Google Scholar
Ministry of Health (2009) Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology, Circular no 01-10/2009. Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Google Scholar
Ministry of Health (2014), Data presented at the presidential task force for prevention of kidney diseases, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 6th June
Mortvedt JJ (1996) Heavy metal contaminants in inorganic and organic fertilizers. Fertil Res 43:55–61
Article
Google Scholar
Nanayakkara S, Komiya T, Ratnatunga N, Senevirathna STMLD, Harada KH, Hitomi T, Gobe G, Muso E, Abeysekera T, Koizumi A (2012a) Tubulointerstitial damage as the major pathological lesion in endemic chronic kidney disease among farmers in North Central Province of Sri Lanka. Environ Health Prev Med 17:213–221
Article
Google Scholar
Nanayakkara S, Senevirathna STMLD, Karunaratne U, Chandrajith R, Harada KH, Hitomi T, Watanabe T, Abeysekera T, Aturaliya TNC, Koizumi A (2012b) Evidence of tubular damage in the very early stage of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 17:109–117
Article
Google Scholar
Orantes CM, Herrera R, Almaguer M, Brizuela EG, Núñez L, Alvarado NP, Fuentes EJ, Bayarre HD, Amaya JC, Calero DJ, Vela XF, Zelaya SM, Granados DV, Orellana P (2014) Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in adults of Salvadoran agricultural communities. MEDICC Rev 16:23–30
Google Scholar
Peiris-John RJ, Wanigasuriya JK, Wickremasinghe AR, Dissanayake WP, Hittarage (2006) Exposure to acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides and chronic renal failure. Ceylon Med J 51:42–43
Google Scholar
Sahu BD, Koneru M, Bijargi SR, Kota A, Sistla R (2014) Chromium-induced nephrotoxicity and ameliorative effect of carvedilol in rats: Involvement of oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Chem Biol Interact 223C:69–79
Article
Google Scholar
Smith E, Naidu R (2009) Chemistry of inorganic arsenic in soils: Kinetics of arsenic adsorption - Desorption. Environ Geochem Health 31:49–59
Article
Google Scholar
Tremearne TH, Jacob KD (1941) Arsenic in natural phosphates and phosphate fertilizers. United States Department Agric Tech Bullet 781:1–31
Google Scholar
United States, Environmental Protection Agency (1996), Acid digestion method 3050B http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/3050b.pdf Accessed 5 Feb 2014
Vyskocil A, Viau C, Cízková M (1994) Chronic nephrotoxicity of soluble nickel in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 13:689–693
Article
Google Scholar
Wanigasuriya KP, Peiris-John RJ, Wickremasinghe R (2011) Chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Sri Lanka: is cadmium a likely cause? BMC Nephrol 12:32
Article
Google Scholar
Weggler K, McLaughlin MJ, Graham RD (2004) Effect of Chloride in Soil Solution on the Plant Availability of Biosolid-Borne Cadmium. J Environ Qual 33:496–504
Article
Google Scholar
WHO (2004) Recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification. World Health Organization, Geneva
Google Scholar
World Bank (2010), Fertilizer consumption data. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.CON.FERT.ZS Accessed 21 Nov 2014
World Health Organization (2011), Arsenic in Drinking water. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/arsenic.pdf Accessed 21 Nov 2014
Zhao F-J, McGrath SP, Meharg AA (2010) Arsenic as a food chain contaminant: mechanisms of plant uptake and metabolism and mitigation strategies. Annu Rev Plant Biol 61:535–559
Article
Google Scholar