On some properties of the generalized Mittag-Leffler function

Mumtaz Ahmad Khan; Shakeel Ahmed

doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-337

Impact Factor 0.982

Research

Open Access

On some properties of the generalized Mittag-Leffler function

Mumtaz Ahmad Khan¹ and
Shakeel Ahmed¹Email author

SpringerPlus20132:337

https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-337

Received: 18 November 2012

Accepted: 24 May 2013

Published: 23 July 2013

Abstract

This paper deals with the study of a generalized function of Mittag-Leffler type. Various properties including usual differentiation and integration, Euler(Beta) transforms, Laplace transforms, Whittaker transforms, generalized hypergeometric series form with their several special cases are obtained and relationship with Wright hypergeometric function and Laguerre polynomials is also established.

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification

33C45, 47G20, 26A33.

Keywords

Mittag-Leffler function Generalized hypergeometric function Fox’s H function

Introduction

In 1903, the Swedish mathematician Gosta Mittag-Leffler (1903) introduced the function

E_{α} (z) = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{z^{n}}{Γ (α n + 1)},

(1.1)

where z is a complex variable and Γ is a Gamma function α ≥ 0. The Mittag-Leffler function is a direct generalisation of exponential function to which it reduces for α = 1. For 0 < α < 1 it interpolates between the pure exponential and hypergeometric function $\frac{1}{1 - z} .$ Its importance is realized during the last two decades due to its involvement in the problems of physics, chemistry, biology, engineering and applied sciences. Mittag-Leffler function naturally occurs as the solution of fractional order differential or fractional order integral equation.

The generalisation of E _α(z) was studied by Wiman (1905) in 1905 and he defined the function as

E_{α, β} (z) = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{z^{n}}{Γ (α n + β)}, (α, β \in C, Re (α) > 0, Re (β) > 0),

(1.2)

which is known as Wiman function.

In 1971, Prabhakar (1971) introduced the function

E_{α, β}^{γ} (z)

in the form of

\begin{array}{l} E_{α, β}^{γ} (z) = & \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(γ)}_{n} z^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) n!}, (α, β, γ, \in C, Re (α) > 0, \\ Re (β) > 0, Re (γ) > 0), \end{array}

(1.3)

where (γ)_n is the Pochhammer symbol (Rainville (1960))

\begin{array}{l} {(γ)}_{n} & = \frac{Γ (γ + n)}{Γ (γ)}, {(γ)}_{0} = 1, \\ {(γ)}_{n} & = γ (γ + 1) (γ + 2) \dots (γ + n - 1), n \geq 1 . \end{array}

In 2007, Shukla and Prajapati (2007) introduced the function

E_{α, β}^{γ, q} (z)

which is defined for

α, β, γ \in C

; Re(α) > 0,Re(β) > 0,Re(γ) > 0 and

q \in (0, 1) ⋃ N

as

E_{α, β}^{γ, q} (z) = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(γ)}_{qn} z^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) n!},

(1.4)

In 2009, Tariq O. Salim (2009) introduced the function the function

E_{α, β}^{γ, δ} (z)

which is defined for

α, β, γ, δ \in C; Re (α) > 0, Re (β) > 0, Re (γ) > 0, Re (δ) > 0

as

E_{α, β}^{γ, δ} (z) = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(γ)}_{n} z^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(δ)}_{n}},

(1.5)

In 2012, a new generalization of Mittag-Leffler function was defined by Salim (2012) as

E_{α, β, p}^{γ, δ, q} (z) = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(γ)}_{qn} z^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(δ)}_{pn}},

(1.6)

where $α, β, γ, δ \in C;$ min (Re(α), Re(β), Re(γ), Re(δ)) > 0

In this paper a new definition of generalized Mittag-Leffler function is investigated and defined as

E_{α, β, δ}^{γ, q} (z) = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(γ)}_{qn} z^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(δ)}_{n}}, α, β, γ, δ \in C,

(1.7)

where

min (Re (α), Re (β), Re (γ), Re (δ) > 0) and q \in (0, 1) ⋃ N,

(1.8)

Further the generalization of definition (1.7) is investigated and defined as follows

E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} z^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}},

(1.9)

where,

α, β, γ, δ, μ, ν, ρ, σ \in C; p, q > 0 and q \leq Re (α) + p,

(1.10)

and

min (Re (α), Re (β), Re (γ), Re (δ), Re (μ), Re (ν), Re (ρ), Re (σ)) > 0,

(1.11)

The definition (1.9) is a generalization of all above functions defined by (1.1)-(1.7).

Setting μ = ν, ρ = σ, it reduces to Eq. (1.6) defined by Salim (2012), in addition of that if p = 1, it reduces to Eq. (1.7).
Setting μ = ν, ρ, = σ and p = q = 1, it reduces to Eq. (1.5) defined by Salim (2009).
Setting μ = ν, ρ = σ and p = δ = 1, it reduces to Eq. (1.4) defined by Shukla and Prajapati (2007), in addition of that if q = 1, then we get Eq. (1.3) defined by Prabhakar (1971).
Setting μ = ν, ρ = σ and p = q = δ = 1, it reduces to Eq. (1.2) defined by Wiman (1905), moreover if β = 1, Mittag-Leffler function E _α(z) will be the result.

Throughout this investigation, we need the following well-known facts to study the various properties and relation formulas of the function $E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z)$ .

Beta(Euler) transforms (Sneddon (1979)) of the function f(z) is defined as
$B {f (z); a, b} = \int_{0}^{1} z^{a - 1} {(1 - z)}^{b - 1} f (z) dz$

(1.12)
Laplace transforms (Sneddon (1979)) of the function f(z) is defined as
$L {f (z); s} = \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{- sz} f (z) dz$

(1.13)
Mellin- transforms of the function f(z) is defined as
$M {f (z); s} = f^{*} (s) = \int_{0}^{\infty} z^{s - 1} f (z) dz, Re (s) > 0,$

(1.14)
and the inverse Mellin-transform is given by
$f (z) = M^{- 1} {f^{*} (s); z} = \frac{1}{2 π i} \int_{L} f^{*} (s) z^{- s} ds$

(1.15)
Whittaker transform (Whittaker and Watson (1962))
$\int_{0}^{\infty} e^{\frac{- t}{2}} t^{ν - 1} W_{λ, μ} (t) dt = \frac{Γ (\frac{1}{2} + μ + ν) Γ (\frac{1}{2} - μ + ν)}{Γ (1 - λ + ν)},$

(1.16)

where $Re (μ \pm ν) > \frac{- 1}{2}$ and W _{λ, μ}(t) is the Whittaker confluent hypergeometric function.
The generalized hypergeometric function (Rainville (1960)) is defined as
$_{p} F_{q} [{(α)}_{1}, \dots, {(α)}_{p}; {(β)}_{1}, \dots, {(β)}_{q}; z)] = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{\prod_{i = 1}^{p} {(α_{i})}_{n}}{\prod_{j = 1}^{q} {(β)}_{j})_{n}} \frac{z^{n}}{n!}$

(1.17)
Wright generalized hypergeometric function (Srivastava and Manocha (1984)) is defined as
$\begin{array}{l} _{p} Ψ_{q} [(a_{1}, A_{1}), \dots, (a_{p}, A_{p}); (b_{1}, B_{1}), ldots, (b_{q}, B_{q}); z] \\ = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{\prod_{i = 1}^{p} Γ {(a_{i} + A_{i} n)}_{n}}{\prod_{j = 1}^{q} Γ (b_{j} + B_{j} n)} \frac{z^{n}}{n!} \end{array}$

(1.18)
Fox’s H-function (Saigo and Kilbas (1998)) is given as
$\begin{array}{l} H_{p, q}^{m, n} [z | (a_{1}, α_{1}), \dots, (a_{p}, α_{p}); (b_{1}, β_{1}), \dots, (b_{q}, β_{q})] \\ = \frac{1}{2 π i} \int_{L} \frac{\prod_{j = 1}^{m} Γ (b_{i} + β_{i} s) \prod_{j = 1}^{n} Γ (1 - a_{i} - α_{i} s)}{\prod_{j = m + 1}^{q} Γ (1 - b_{j} - β_{j} s) \prod_{j = n + 1}^{p} Γ (a_{j} + α_{j} s)} z^{- s} ds \end{array}$

(1.19)
Generalized Laguerre polynomials (Rainville (1960)). These are also known as Sonine polynomials and are defined as
$L_{n}^{(α)} (x) = \frac{{(1 + α)}_{n}}{n!}_{1} F_{1} [- n; 1 + α; x]$

(1.20)
Incomplete Gamma function (Rainville (1960)). This is denoted by γ(α, z) and is defined by
$γ (α, z) = \int_{0}^{z} e^{- t} t^{α - 1} dt, Re (α) > 0,$

(1.21)

Basic properties of the function $E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z)$

As a consequence of definitions (1.1)-(1.9) the following results hold:

Theorem 2.1.

If

α, β, γ, δ, μ, ν, ρ, σ \in C

, Re(α) > 0, Re(β) > 0, Re(γ) > 0, Re(δ) > 0, Re(μ) > 0, Re(ν) > 0, Re(ρ) > 0, Re(σ) > 0 and p, q > 0 a n d q ≤ Re(α) + p, then

E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) = β E_{α, β + 1, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) + αz \frac{d}{dz} E_{α, β + 1, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z)

(2.1.1)

E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) = \frac{1}{Γ (β)} + \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ} {(γ)}_{q}}{{(ν)}_{σ} {(δ)}_{p}} E_{α + 1, β, ν + σ, δ + p}^{μ + ρ, γ + q} (z)

(2.1.2)

E_{α, β - α, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) - E_{α, β - α, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ - 1, q} (z)

= \frac{qz {(μ)}_{ρ}}{{(ν)}_{σ}} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{(n + 1) {(μ + ρ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn + q - 1}}{Γ (α n + β) (δ + pn) {(ν + σ)}_{η n}} \frac{z^{n}}{{(δ)}_{pn}}

(2.1.3)

In particular,

E_{α, β, δ}^{γ, q} (z) = β E_{α, β + 1, δ}^{γ, q} (z) + αz \frac{d}{dz} E_{α, β + 1, δ}^{γ, q} (z),

(2.1.4)

E_{α, β, δ}^{γ, q} (z) = \frac{1}{Γ (β)} + \frac{{(γ)}_{q}}{δ} z E_{α, α + β, δ + 1}^{γ + q, q} (z)

(2.1.5)

E_{α, β - α, δ}^{γ, q} (z) - E_{α, β - α, δ}^{γ - 1, q} (z) = qz \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{(n + 1) {(γ)}_{qn + q - 1}}{Γ (α n + β) (δ + n)} \frac{z^{n}}{{(δ)}_{n}}

(2.1.6)

Proof.

β E_{α, β + 1, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) + αz \frac{d}{dz} E_{α, β + 1, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z)

= β E_{α, β + 1, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) + αz \frac{d}{dz} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn}}{Γ (α n + β + 1) {(ν)}_{η n}} \frac{z^{n}}{{(δ)}_{pn}}

= β E_{α, β + 1, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) + \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{α n {(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn}}{Γ (α n + β + 1) {(ν)}_{η n}} \frac{z^{n}}{{(δ)}_{pn}}

= β E_{α, β + 1, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) + \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{(α n + β - β) {(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn}}{Γ (α n + β + 1) {(ν)}_{η n}} \frac{z^{n}}{{(δ)}_{pn}}

= E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z)

which is (2.1.1).

The proof of (2.1.2) can easily be followed from the definition (1.9). Now

E_{α, β - α, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) - E_{α, β - α, ν, σ, δp}^{μ, ρ, γ - 1, q} (z)

\begin{array}{l} = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn}}{Γ (α (n - 1) + β) {(ν)}_{η n}} \frac{z^{n}}{{(δ)}_{pn}} \\ - \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ - 1)}_{qn}}{Γ (α (n - 1) + β) {(ν)}_{η n}} \frac{z^{n}}{{(δ)}_{pn}} \end{array}

= q \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{n {(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn - 1}}{Γ (α (n - 1) + β)} \frac{z^{n}}{{(δ)}_{pn}}

= \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ} qz}{{(ν)}_{σ}} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{(n + 1) {(μ + ρ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn + q - 1}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν + σ)}_{η n} (δ + pn)} \frac{z^{n}}{{(δ)}_{pn}}

which proves (2.1.3). □

Substituting μ = ν, ρ = σ and p = 1 in (2.1.1) immediately leads to (2.1.4).
Substituting μ = ν, ρ = σ and p = 1 in (2.1.2) immediately leads to (2.1.5).
Putting μ = ν, ρ = σ and p = 1 in (2.1.3) immediately leads to (2.1.6).

Theorem 2.2.

If

α, β, γ, δ, μ, ν, σ, ρ, w \in C

, Re(α) > 0, Re(β) > 0, Re(γ) > 0, Re(δ) > 0, Re(μ) > 0, Re(ν) > 0, Re(ρ) > 0, Re(σ) > 0, Re(w) > 0; a n d q ≤ Re(α) + p then for

m \in N

\begin{array}{l} {(\frac{d}{dz})}^{m} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) \\ = \frac{{(1)}_{m} {(μ)}_{ρm} {(γ)}_{qm}}{{(ν)}_{σm} {(δ)}_{pm}} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \\ \times \frac{{(μ + ρm)}_{ρ n} {(γ + qm)}_{qn} {(1 + m)}_{n}}{Γ (α n + β + α) {(ν + σm)}_{η n} {(δ + pm)}_{pn}} \frac{z^{n}}{n!}, \end{array}

(2.2.1)

\begin{array}{l} {(\frac{d}{dz})}^{m} [z^{β - 1} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (w z^{α})] = z^{β - m - 1} E_{α, β - m, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (w z^{α}), \\ \times Re (β - m) > 0, \end{array}

(2.2.2)

In particular,

{(\frac{d}{dz})}^{m} E_{α, β, δ}^{γ, q} (z) = \frac{{(1)}_{m} {(γ)}_{qm}}{{(δ)}_{m}} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(γ + qm)}_{qn} {(1 + m)}_{n}}{Γ (α n + β + α {(δ + m)}_{n}} \frac{z^{n}}{n!},

(2.2.3)

\begin{array}{l} {(\frac{d}{dz})}^{m} [z^{β - 1} E_{α, β, δ}^{γ, q} (w z^{α})] = z^{β - m - 1} E_{α, β - m, p}^{γ, q} (w z^{α}), \\ \times Re (β - m) > 0, \end{array}

(2.2.4)

Proof.

From (1.9),

\begin{align} {(\frac{d}{dz})}^{m} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n}} \frac{z^{n}}{{(δ)}_{pn}} \\ = \sum_{n = m}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} n!}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}} \frac{z^{n - m}}{(n - m)!} \\ = \frac{{(1)}_{m} {(μ)}_{ρm} {(γ)}_{qm}}{{(ν)}_{σm} {(δ)}_{pm}} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \\ \times \frac{{(μ + ρ)}_{ρm} {(γ + qm)}_{qn} {(1 + m)}_{n}}{Γ (α n + αm + β) {(ν + σ)}_{σm} {(δ + pm)}_{pn}} \frac{z^{n}}{n!} \end{align}

which is the proof of (2.2.1).

Again using (1.9) and term by term differentiation under the sign summation(which is possible in accordance with the uniform convergence of the series (1.9) in any compact set

C

), we have

\begin{align} {(\frac{d}{dz})}^{m} [z^{β - 1} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (w z^{α})] \\ = {(\frac{d}{dz})}^{m} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} w^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n}} \frac{z^{α n + β - 1}}{{(δ)}_{pn}} \\ = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} (α n + β - 1)! w^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) (α n + β - 1 - m)! {(ν)}_{η n}} \frac{z^{α n + β - m - 1}}{{(δ)}_{pn}} \\ = z^{β - m - 1} E_{α, β - m, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (w z^{α}) \end{align}

which is the proof of (2.2.2). □

Setting μ = ρ, ν = σ, in (2.2.1), we get (2.2.3).
Setting μ = ρ, ν = σ, in (2.2.2), we get (2.2.4).

Theorem 2.3.

If

α = \frac{m}{r}

, with

m, r \in N

relatively prime;

β, γ, δ, μ, ν, ρ, σ \in C

and q < Re(α + p), then

\begin{array}{l} \frac{d^{m}}{d z^{m}} E_{\frac{m}{r}, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z^{\frac{p}{r}}) = \frac{Γ (ν)}{Γ (μ)} \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \\ \times \frac{Γ (\frac{nm}{r} + 1) Γ (μ + ρ n) {(γ)}_{qn}}{Γ (\frac{nm}{r} + β) Γ (\frac{nm}{r} - m + 1) Γ (ν + η n)} \frac{z^{(\frac{n}{r} - 1) m}}{{(δ)}_{pn}} \end{array}

(2.3.1)

\begin{array}{l} \frac{d^{m}}{d z^{m}} E_{\frac{m}{r}, β, δ}^{γ, q} (z^{\frac{m}{r}}) = Γ (δ) \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \\ \times \frac{{(γ)}_{qn} Γ (n + 1) Γ (\frac{nm}{r} + 1)}{Γ (δ + n) Γ (\frac{nm}{r} + β) Γ (\frac{np}{r} - m + 1)} \frac{z^{(\frac{n}{r} - 1) m}}{n!} \end{array}

(2.3.2)

Proof.

\begin{align} \frac{d^{m}}{d z^{m}} E_{\frac{m}{r}, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z^{\frac{p}{r}}) \\ = \frac{d^{m}}{d z^{m}} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn}}{Γ (\frac{nm}{r} + β) {(ν)}_{η n}} \frac{z^{(\frac{m}{r}) n}}{{(δ)}_{pn}} \\ = \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} (\frac{nm}{r})!}{Γ (\frac{nm}{r} + β) {(ν)}_{η n} (\frac{nm}{r} - m)!} \frac{z^{(\frac{n}{r} - 1) m}}{{(δ)}_{pn}} \\ = \frac{Γ (ν)}{Γ (μ)} \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{Γ (\frac{nm}{r} + 1) Γ (μ + ρ n) {(γ)}_{qn}}{Γ (\frac{nm}{r} + β) Γ (\frac{nm}{r} - m + 1) Γ (ν + η n)} \frac{z^{(\frac{n}{r} - 1) m}}{{(δ)}_{pn}} \end{align}

which proves (2.3.1). □

Corollary 2.3.

For μ = ν, ρ = σ, δ = p = 1, (2.3.1) reduces to the known result of Shukla and Prajapati Shukla and Prajapati (2007) (2.3.1).

Remark 2.3.

Setting μ = ν, ρ = σ and p = 1 in (2.3.1), we get (2.3.2).

Special Properties: Setting putting μ = ν, ρ = σ and p = q = δ = 1 in (2.3.1), we have

\frac{d^{m}}{d z^{m}} E_{\frac{m}{r}, β}^{γ} (z^{\frac{m}{r}}) = \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{{(γ)}_{n} Γ (\frac{np}{r} + 1)}{Γ (\frac{nm}{r} + β) Γ (\frac{np}{r} - m + 1)} \frac{z^{(\frac{n}{r} - 1) m}}{n!}

(2.3.3)

For β = γ = δ = q = 1 in (2.3.2), we have

\frac{d^{m}}{d z^{m}} E_{\frac{m}{r}} (z^{\frac{m}{r}}) = \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{z^{(\frac{n}{r} - 1) m}}{Γ (\frac{nm}{r} - m + 1)}

(2.3.4)

Theorem 2.4.

If

α, β, μ, ρ, ν, γ, λ, σ, δ, η \in C; Re (α) > 0, Re (β) > 0, Re (γ) > 0, Re (μ) > 0, Re (ρ) > 0, Re (ν) > 0, Re (δ) > 0, Re (σ) > 0, Re (λ) > 0 and q < Re (α) + p

then

\begin{array}{l} \frac{1}{Γ (η)} \int_{0}^{1} u^{β - 1} {(1 - u)}^{η - 1} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z u^{α}) du \\ = E_{α, β + η, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) du, \end{array}

(2.4.1)

\begin{array}{l} \frac{1}{Γ (η)} \int_{t}^{x} {(x - s)}^{η - 1} {(s - t)}^{β - 1} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} [λ {(s - t)}^{α}] du \\ = {(x - t)}^{η + β - 1} E_{α, β + η, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z), \end{array}

(2.4.2)

\int_{0}^{z} t^{β - 1} E_{α, β, μ, ρ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (w t^{α}) dt = z^{β} E_{α, β + 1, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (w z^{α}),

(2.4.3)

In particular,

\frac{1}{Γ (η)} \int_{0}^{1} u^{β - 1} {(1 - u)}^{σ - 1} E_{α, β, δ}^{γ, q} (z u^{α}) du = E_{α, β + η, δ}^{γ, q} (z) du,

(2.4.4)

\begin{array}{l} \frac{1}{Γ (η)} \int_{t}^{x} {(x - s)}^{η - 1} {(s - t)}^{β - 1} E_{α, β, δ}^{γ, q} [λ {(s - t)}^{α}] du \\ = {(x - t)}^{η + β - 1} E_{α, β + η, δ}^{γ, q} (z), \end{array}

(2.4.5)

\int_{0}^{z} t^{β - 1} E_{α, β, δ}^{γ, q} (w t^{α}) dt = z^{β} E_{α, β + 1, δ}^{γ, q} (w z^{α}),

(2.4.6)

\frac{1}{Γ (η)} \int_{0}^{1} u^{β - 1} {(1 - u)}^{σ - 1} E_{α, β}^{γ} (z u^{α}) du = E_{α, β + η}^{γ} (z) du,

(2.4.7)

\int_{0}^{z} t^{β - 1} E_{α, β} (w t^{α}) dt = z^{β} E_{α, β + 1} (w z^{α}),

(2.4.8)

Proof.

\begin{align} \frac{1}{Γ (η)} \int_{0}^{1} u^{β - 1} {(1 - u)}^{η - 1} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z u^{α}) du \\ = \frac{1}{Γ (η)} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} z^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}} \int_{0}^{1} \\ \times u^{α n + β - 1} {(1 - u)}^{η - 1} du \\ = \frac{1}{Γ (η)} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} z^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}} B (α n + β, η) \\ = E_{α, β + η, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) \end{align}

which proves (2.4.1).

Now change the variable from s to

u = \frac{s - t}{x - t} .

Then the L.H.S. of (2.4.2) becomes

\frac{1}{Γ (η)} \int_{0}^{1} {(x - t)}^{η + β - 1} {(1 - u)}^{η - 1} u^{β - 1}

\times \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} z^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}} {(λ)}^{n} {(x - t)}^{α n} u^{α n} du

\begin{array}{l} = \frac{{(x - t)}^{η + β - 1}}{Γ (η)} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} {[λ {(x - t)}^{α}]}^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}} \int_{0}^{1} \\ \times u^{α n + β - 1} {(1 - u)}^{η - 1} du \end{array}

= \frac{{(x - t)}^{η + β - 1}}{Γ (η)} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(γ)}_{qn} {[λ {(x - t)}^{α}]}^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(δ)}_{pn}} B (α n + β, η)

= {(x - t)}^{η + β - 1} E_{α, β + η, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} {[λ {(x - t)}^{α}]}^{n}

which proves (2.4.2).

Now

\begin{align} \int_{0}^{z} t^{β - 1} E_{α, β, ν, σ, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (w t^{α}) dt \\ = \int_{0}^{z} t^{β - 1} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} w^{n} t^{α n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}} dt \\ = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} w^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}} \int_{0}^{z} t^{α n + β - 1} dt \\ = z^{β} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} {(w z^{α})}^{n}}{Γ (α n + β + 1) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}} \\ = z^{β} E_{α, β + 1, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (w z^{α}) \end{align}

which proves (2.4.3).

Putting q = δ = 1 and γ = q = δ = 1 in (2.4.1) and (2.4.3) yields (2.4.4) and (2.4.5) respectively. □

Generalized hypergeometric function representation of $E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z)$

Using (1.9) with

α = k, ρ = l, σ = m \in N

and

q \in N

, we have

\begin{align} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) & = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ln} {(γ)}_{qn}}{Γ (kn + β) {(ν)}_{mn} {(δ)}_{pn}} z^{n} \\ = \frac{1}{Γ (β)} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ln} {(γ)}_{qn} {(1)}_{n}}{{(β)}_{kn} {(ν)}_{mn} {(δ)}_{pn}} \frac{z^{n}}{n!} \end{align}

\begin{array}{l} = \frac{1}{Γ (β)} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{\prod_{i = 1}^{l} {(\frac{μ + i - 1}{l})}_{n} \prod_{j = 1}^{q} {(\frac{γ + j - 1}{q})}_{n} {(1)}_{n}}{\prod_{r = 1}^{k} {(\frac{β + r - 1}{k})}_{n} \prod_{s = 1}^{p} {(\frac{δ + s - 1}{p})}_{n} \prod_{t = 1}^{m} {(\frac{ν + t - 1}{m})}_{n} n!} \\ \times {(\frac{l^{l} q^{q} z}{m^{m} p^{p} k^{k}})}^{n} \end{array}

\begin{array}{l} = \frac{1}{Γ (β)}_{q + l + 1} F_{k + p + m} [Δ (l; μ), Δ (q; γ), (1, 1); Δ (k, β), \\ Δ (p; δ), Δ (m; ν); \frac{l^{l} q^{q} z}{m^{m} p^{p} k^{k}}] \end{array}

where Δ(l;μ) is a l-tupple $\frac{μ}{l}, \frac{μ + 1}{l}, \dots \frac{μ + l - 1}{l}$ ; Δ(q;γ) is a q-tupple $\frac{γ}{q}, \frac{γ + 1}{q}, \dots \frac{γ + q - 1}{q}$ ; Δ(k, β) is a k-tupple $\frac{β}{k}, \frac{β + 1}{k}, \dots, \frac{β + k - 1}{k}$ and so on, which is the required hypergeometric representation.

Convergence criterion of generalized Mittag-leffler function _q+l+1 F _k+p+m:

(i)

If q + l + 1 ≤ k + p + m, the function _q+l+1 F _k+p+m converges for all finite z.
(ii)

If q + l + 1 = k + p + m + 1, the function _q+l+1 F _k+p+m converges for |z| < 1 and diverges for |z| > 1
(iii)

If q + l + 1 > k + p + m + 1, the function _q+1+1 F _k+p+m+1 is divergent for |z| ≠ 0
(iv)

If q + l + 1 = k + p + m + 1, the function _q+l+1 F _k+p+m+1 is absolutely convergent on the circle for |z| = 1, if
$\begin{array}{l} Re (\sum_{r = 1}^{k} \sum_{s = 1}^{p} \sum_{t = 1}^{m} \frac{β + r - 1}{k} . \frac{δ + s - 1}{p} \frac{ν + t - 1}{m} \\ - \sum_{i = 1}^{l} \sum_{j = 1}^{q} \frac{μ + i - 1}{l} \frac{γ + j - 1}{q}) > 0 \end{array}$

Integral transforms of $E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z)$

In this section we discuss some useful integral transforms like Euler transform, laplace transform and Whittaker transform of $E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) .$

Theorem 4.1.

Mellin-Barnes integral representation of $E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) .$

Let (1.9) and (1.10) be satified and

α \in R_{+} = (0 \infty); β, ν, σ, μ, ρ, γ, δ \in C

and q < R e(α) + p. Then the function

E_{α, β, δ}^{γ, q} (z)

is represented by Mellin-Barnes integral as:

\begin{array}{l} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) = \frac{Γ (δ) Γ (ν)}{2 π i Γ (γ) Γ (μ)} \int_{L} \\ \times \frac{Γ (s) Γ (1 - s) Γ (μ - ρ s) Γ (γ - qs)}{Γ (β - α s) Γ (δ - ps) Γ (ν - ρ s)} {(- z)}^{- s} ds, \end{array}

(4.1.1)

where | arg(z)| < 1; the contour of integration beginning at −i ∞ and ending at +i ∞, and indented to separate the poles of the integrand at $s = - n, \forall n \in N_{0}$ (to the left) from those at $s = \frac{γ + n}{q}, n \in N_{0}$ (to the right).

Proof.

We shall evaluate the integral on R.H.S. of (4.1.1) as the sum of the residues at the poles s = 0, − 1, − 2, …, we have

\frac{1}{2 π i} \int_{L} \frac{Γ (s) Γ (1 - s) Γ (μ - ρ s) Γ (γ - qs)}{Γ (β - α s) Γ (ν - σ s) Γ (δ - ps)} {(- z)}^{- s} ds

= \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} {Res}_{s = - n} [\frac{Γ (s) Γ (1 - s) Γ (μ - ρ s) Γ (γ - qs)}{Γ (β - α s) Γ (δ - ps) Γ (ν - σ s)} {(- z)}^{- s}]

\begin{array}{l} = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} {Lim}_{s \to - n} \frac{π (s + n)}{sin πs} . \frac{Γ (μ - ρ s) Γ (γ - qs)}{Γ (β - α s) Γ (δ - ps) Γ (ν - σ s)} \\ \times {(- z)}^{- s} \end{array}

= \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(- 1)}^{n} Γ (μ + ρ n) Γ (γ + qn)}{Γ (β + α n) Γ (δ + pn) Γ (ν + η n)} {(- z)}^{n}

= \frac{Γ (γ) Γ (μ)}{Γ (δ) Γ (ν)} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn}}{Γ (α n + β) {(δ)}_{pn} {(ν)}_{η n}} z^{n}

= \frac{Γ (γ) Γ (μ)}{Γ (δ) Γ (ν)} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z)

which completes the proof. □

Remark 4.1.

Setting μ = ρ, ν = σ and p = 1, we get the Melin Barne’s integral of the function $E_{α, β, δ}^{γ, q} .$

Theorem 4.2.

(Mellin transform) of

E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z)

\begin{array}{l} M {E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (- wz); s} = \frac{Γ (δ) Γ (ν)}{2 π i Γ (γ) Γ (μ)} \int_{L} \\ \times \frac{Γ (s) Γ (1 - s) Γ (μ - ρ s) Γ (1 - qs)}{Γ (γ) Γ (β - α s) Γ (ν - σ s) Γ (δ - ps)} {(wz)}^{- s} ds, \end{array}

(4.2.1)

Proof.

From Theorem 4.1, we have

\begin{array}{l} E_{α, β, ν, σσ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (- wz) \\ = \frac{Γ (δ) Γ (ν)}{2 π i Γ (γ) Γ (μ)} \int_{L} \frac{Γ (s) Γ (1 - s) Γ (μ - ρ s) Γ (γ - qs)}{Γ (β - α s) Γ (ν - σ s) Γ (δ - ps)} \\ \times {(wz)}^{- s} ds \end{array}

= \frac{Γ (δ) Γ (ν)}{2 π i Γ (γ) Γ (μ)} \int_{L} f^{*} (s) {(z)}^{- s} ds

where

f^{*} (s) = \frac{Γ (s) Γ (1 - s) Γ (μ - ρ s) Γ (γ - qs)}{Γ (β - α s) Γ (ν - σ s) Γ (δ - ps)} {(w)}^{- s}

is in the form of inverse Mellin-Transform (1.15). So applying the Mellin-transform (1.14) yields directly the required result. □

Theorem 4.3.

(Euler(Beta)transform) of

E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z)

\begin{array}{l} \int_{0}^{1} z^{a - 1} {(1 - z)}^{b - 1} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (x z^{η}) dz \\ = \frac{Γ (b) Γ (ν) Γ (δ)}{Γ (μ) Γ (γ)}_{4} Ψ_{4} [\begin{array}{l} (μ, ρ) (γ, q), (a, η), (1, 1) & ; \\ x \\ (β, α), (a + b, η), (ν, σ), (δ, p) & ; \end{array}] \end{array}

(4.3.1)

Proof.

\int_{0}^{1} z^{a - 1} {(1 - z)}^{b - 1} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (x z^{η}) dz

= \int_{0}^{1} z^{a - 1} {(1 - z)}^{b - 1} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} {(x z^{η})}^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}}

= \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} x^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}} \int_{0}^{1} z^{η n + a - 1} {(1 - z)}^{b - 1} dz

= \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} x^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}} B (η n + a, b)

\begin{array}{l} = \frac{Γ (b) Γ (ν) Γ (δ)}{Γ (μ) Γ (γ)} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \\ \times \frac{Γ (μ + ρ n) Γ (qn + γ) Γ (a + η n) Γ (n + 1)}{Γ (α n + β) Γ (η n + a + b) Γ (ν + η n) Γ (pn + δ)} \frac{x^{n}}{n!}, \end{array}

from which the result follows. □

Corollary 4.3.

\begin{array}{l} \int_{0}^{1} z^{a - 1} {(1 - z)}^{b - 1} E_{α, β, δ}^{γ, q} (x z^{η}) dz \\ = \frac{Γ (b) Γ (δ)}{Γ (γ)}_{3} Ψ_{3} [\begin{array}{l} (γ, q), (a, η), (1, 1) & ; \\ x \\ (β, α), (a + b, η), (δ, 1) & ; \end{array}] \end{array}

(4.3.2)

Special properties:

(i)

For q = 1, (4.3.2) reduces to Tariq OSalim (2009)(4.1).
$\begin{array}{l} \int_{0}^{1} z^{a - 1} {(1 - z)}^{b - 1} E_{α, β}^{γ, δ} (x z^{σ}) dz \\ = \frac{Γ (b) Γ (δ)}{Γ (γ)}_{3} Ψ_{3} [\begin{array}{l} (γ, 1), (a, σ), (1, 1) & ; \\ x \\ (β, α), (δ, 1) (a + b, σ) & ; \end{array}], \end{array}$

(4.3.3)
(ii)

For δ = q = 1 in (4.3.2), we have
$\begin{array}{l} \int_{0}^{1} z^{a - 1} {(1 - z)}^{b - 1} E_{α, β}^{γ} (x z^{σ}) dz \\ = \frac{Γ (b)}{Γ (γ)}_{2} Ψ_{2} [\begin{array}{l} (γ, 1), (a, σ), & ; \\ x \\ (β, α), (a + b, σ) & ; \end{array}], \end{array}$

(4.3.4)

If a = β, α = σ, then (4.3.2) reduces to
$\int_{0}^{1} z^{β - 1} {(1 - z)}^{b - 1} E_{σ, β, δ}^{γ, q} (x z^{σ}) dz = \frac{Γ (b)}{Γ (γ)} E_{σ, β + b, δ}^{γ, q} (x),$

(4.3.5)

Putting α = β = γ = δ = q = 1 in (4.3.2), we have
$\begin{array}{l} \int_{0}^{1} z^{a - 1} {(1 - z)}^{b - 1} exp (x z^{σ}) dz \\ = Γ (b)_{1} Ψ_{1} [\begin{array}{l} (a, σ), & ; \\ x \\ (a + b, σ) & ; \end{array}] \end{array}$

(4.3.6)

Theorem 4.4. (Laplace transform)

\begin{array}{l} \int_{0}^{\infty} z^{a - 1} e^{- sz} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (x z^{η}) dz \\ = \frac{Γ (ν) Γ (δ)}{Γ (μ) Γ (γ)} s^{- a}_{3} Ψ_{3} [\begin{array}{l} (μ, ρ) (γ, q), (1, 1) & ; \\ \frac{x}{s^{η}} \\ (β, α), (ν, σ) (δ, p) & ; \end{array}], \end{array}

(4.4.1)

Proof.

\begin{array}{l} \int_{0}^{\infty} z^{a - 1} e^{- sz} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (x z^{η}) dz \\ = \int_{0}^{\infty} z^{a - 1} e^{- sz} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} {(x z^{σ})}^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}} dz \end{array}

= \frac{Γ (ν) Γ (δ) s^{- a}}{Γ (μ) Γ (γ)} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{Γ (μ + ρ n) Γ (γ + qn) Γ (1 + n)}{Γ (β + α n) Γ (ν + η n) Γ (δ + pn)} \frac{{(\frac{x}{s^{σ}})}^{n}}{n!},

from which the result follows. □

Corollary 4.4.

\begin{array}{l} \int_{0}^{\infty} z^{a - 1} e^{- sz} E_{α, β, δ}^{γ, q} (x z^{η}) dz \\ = \frac{Γ (δ)}{Γ (γ)} s^{- a}_{2} Ψ_{2} [\begin{array}{l} (γ, q), (1, 1) & ; \\ \frac{x}{s^{η}} \\ (β, α), (δ, 1) & ; \end{array}], \end{array}

(4.4.2)

Remark 4.4.

For q = 1, (4.4.2) reduces to Tariq O Salim (2009)(4.2).

Theorem 4.5. (Whittaker transform)

\begin{array}{l} \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{\frac{- ϕt}{2}} t^{ξ - 1} W_{λ, ψ} (ϕt) E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (ω t^{η}) dt = \frac{Γ (ν) Γ (δ)}{Γ (μ) Γ (γ)} ϕ^{- ξ}_{5} Ψ_{4} \\ \times [\begin{array}{l} (μ, ρ) (γ, q), (\frac{1}{2} + ψ + ξ, η), (\frac{1}{2} - ψ + ξ, η), (1, 1) & ; \\ \frac{ω}{ϕ^{η}} \\ (β, α), (ν, σ), (1 - λ + ξ, η), (δ, p) & ; \end{array}] \end{array}

(4.5.1)

Proof.

Substituting ϕ t = v in L.H.S. of Theorem 4.5, we have

\int_{0}^{\infty} {(\frac{v}{ϕ})}^{ξ - 1} e^{\frac{- v}{2}} W_{λ, ψ} (v) \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} {(ω)}^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(δ)}_{n}} {(\frac{v}{ϕ})}^{nη} \frac{1}{ϕ} dv

\begin{array}{l} = \frac{ϕ^{- ξ} Γ (ν) Γ (δ)}{Γ (μ) Γ (γ)} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{Γ (μ + ρ n) Γ (γ + qn)}{Γ (α n + β) Γ (ν + η n) Γ (δ + pn} \\ \times {(\frac{ω}{ϕ^{η}})}^{n} \int_{0}^{\infty} {(v)}^{η n + ξ - 1} e^{\frac{- v}{2}} W_{λ, ψ} (v) dv \end{array}

\begin{array}{l} = \frac{ϕ^{- ξ} Γ (ν) Γ (δ)}{Γ (μ) Γ (γ)} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{Γ (μ + ρ n) Γ (γ + qn)}{Γ (α n + β) Γ (ν + η n) Γ (δ + pn)} \\ \times {(\frac{ω}{ϕ^{η}})}^{n} \frac{Γ (\frac{1}{2} + ψ + ξ + nη) Γ (\frac{1}{2} - ψ + ξ + nη)}{Γ (1 - λ + ξ + nη)} \end{array}

\begin{array}{l} = \frac{ϕ^{- ξ} Γ (ν) Γ (δ)}{Γ (μ) Γ (γ)} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \\ \times \frac{Γ (μ + ρ n) Γ (γ + qn) Γ (\frac{1}{2} \pm ψ + ξ + nη) Γ (n + 1)}{Γ (1 - λ + ξ + nη)} \\ \times \frac{{(\frac{ω}{ϕ^{η}})}^{n}}{n!}, \end{array}

from which the result follows. □

Corollary 4.5.

\begin{array}{l} \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{\frac{- ϕt}{2}} t^{ξ - 1} W_{λ, ψ} (ϕt) E_{α, β, δ}^{γ, q} (ω t^{η}) dt = \frac{Γ (δ)}{Γ (γ)} ϕ^{- ξ}_{4} Ψ_{3} \\ \times [\begin{array}{l} (γ, q), (\frac{1}{2} + ψ + ξ, η), (\frac{1}{2} - ψ + ξ, η), (1, 1) & ; \\ \frac{ω}{ϕ^{η}} \\ (β, α), (1 - λ + ξ, η), (δ, 1) & ; \end{array}], \end{array}

(4.5.2)

Special properties :

(i)

Putting q = δ = 1 in (4.5.2), we have
$\int_{0}^{\infty} \overset{\frac{- ϕt}{2}}{exp} t^{ξ - 1} W_{λ, ψ} (ϕt) E_{α, β}^{γ} (ω t^{η}) dt$

$= \frac{ϕ^{- ξ}}{Γ (γ)}_{3} Ψ_{2} [\begin{array}{l} (γ, q), (\frac{1}{2} \pm ϕ + ξ, η) & ; \\ \frac{ω}{ϕ^{η}} \\ (β, α), (1 - λ + ξ, η) & ; \end{array}],$

(4.5.3)
(ii)

For q = γ = δ = 1 in (4.5.2), we have
$\int_{0}^{\infty} \overset{\frac{- ϕt}{2}}{exp} t^{ξ - 1} W_{λ, ψ} (ϕt) E_{α, β} (ω t^{η}) dt$

$= ϕ^{- ξ}_{3} Ψ_{2} [\begin{array}{l} (\frac{1}{2} \pm ϕ + ξ, η), (1, 1), & ; \\ \frac{w}{ϕ^{η}} \\ (β, α), (1 - λ + ξ, σ) & ; \end{array}]$

(4.5.4)
(iii)

Now putting q = β = α = γ = δ = 1 in (4.5.2), we have
$\int_{0}^{\infty} e^{\frac{- t}{2}} t^{ρ - 1} W_{λ, ψ} (ϕt) exp (ω t^{η}) dt$

$= ϕ^{- ξ}_{2} Ψ_{1} [\begin{array}{l} (\frac{1}{2} \pm ϕ + ξ, η) & ; \\ \frac{w}{ϕ^{η}} \\ (1 - λ + ξ, σ) & ; \end{array}]$

(4.5.5)

Relationship with some known special functions

Relationship with Wright hypergeometric function

If the condition (1.10) be satisfied, then (1.9) can be written as

E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{{(μ)}_{ρ n} {(γ)}_{qn} z^{n}}{Γ (α n + β) {(ν)}_{η n} {(δ)}_{pn}}

= \frac{Γ (δ) Γ (ν)}{Γ (μ) Γ (γ)} \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{Γ (μ + ρ n) Γ (γ + qn) Γ (n + 1)}{Γ (α n + β) Γ (ν + η n) Γ (δ + pn)} \frac{z^{n}}{n!}

= \frac{Γ (δ) Γ (ν)}{Γ (μ) Γ (γ)}_{3} Ψ_{3} [\begin{array}{l} (μ, ρ) (γ, q), (1, 1), & ; \\ z \\ (β, α), (ν, σ), (δ, p) & ; \end{array}],

(5.1.1)

Relationship with Fox H-function

Using (4.1.1), we have from

\begin{array}{l} E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z) \\ = \frac{Γ (δ) Γ (ν)}{2 π i Γ (γ)} \int_{L} \frac{Γ (s) Γ (1 - s) Γ (μ - ρ s) Γ (γ - qs)}{Γ (β - α s) Γ (ν - σ s) Γ (δ - ps)} {(- z)}^{- s} ds \end{array}

\begin{array}{l} = \frac{Γ (δ) Γ (ν)}{2 π i Γ (γ) Γ (μ)} H_{3, 3}^{1, 3} \\ \times [\begin{array}{l} (0, 1), (1 - μ, ρ), (1 - γ, q) & ; \\ z \\ (0, 1) (1 - β, α), (1 - ν, σ), (1 - δ, p) & ; \end{array}], \end{array}

(5.2.1)

Relationship with generalized Laguerre polynomials

Putting α = k, β = μ + 1, γ = − m, q ∈ N with q|m and replacing z by z ^k in (1.6), we get

E_{k, μ + 1, δ}^{- m, q} (z^{k}) = \sum_{n = 0}^{[\frac{m}{q}]} \frac{{(- m)}_{qn} z^{kn}}{Γ (kn + μ + 1) {(δ)}_{n}}

= \sum_{n = 0}^{[\frac{m}{q}]} \frac{{(- 1)}^{qn} m!}{(m - qn)! Γ (kn + μ + 1)} \frac{z^{kn}}{{(δ)}_{n}}

= \frac{Γ (m + 1)}{Γ (km + μ + 1)} \sum_{n = 0}^{[\frac{m}{q}]} \frac{{(- 1)}^{qn} Γ (km + μ + 1)}{(m - qn)! Γ (kn + μ + 1)} \frac{z^{kn}}{{(δ)}_{n}}

= \frac{Γ (m + 1)}{Γ (km + μ + 1)} Z_{[\frac{m}{q}], δ}^{μ} (z, k)

where $Z_{[\frac{m}{q}], δ}^{μ} (z, k)$ is a generalization of $Z_{[\frac{m}{q}]}^{μ} (z, k)$ (given by Shukla et al 2007).

Note that $Z_{[\frac{m}{q}]}^{μ} (z, k)$ is a polynomial of degree $[\frac{m}{q}]$ in z ^k.

Further for

q = k = 1, Z_{m, 1}^{μ} (z, 1) = L_{m}^{μ} (z)

, where

L_{m}^{μ} (z)

is a generalized Laguerre polynomial. So that

E_{k, μ + 1, 1}^{- m, q} (z) = \frac{Γ (m + 1)}{Γ (km + μ + 1)} L_{m}^{μ} (z)

which is the required relationship.

Declarations

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the refrees for valuable suggestions and comments.

Authors’ Affiliations

(1)

Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University

References

Mittag-Leffler GM: Sur la nouvelle fonction Eα(x). CR Acad Sci Paris 1903, 137: 554-558.Google Scholar
Prabhakar TR: A singular integral equation with a generalised Mittag-Leffler function in the kernel. Yokohama Math.J 1971, 19: 7-15.Google Scholar
Rainville ED: Special Functions. New York: Macmillan; 1960.Google Scholar
Saigo M, Kilbas AA: On Mittag-Leffler type function and applications. Integral Transforms Spec Funct 1998, 7: 31-49.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Salim TO: Some properties relating to the generalized Mittag-Leffler function. Adv Appl Math Anal 2009, 4: 21-30.Google Scholar
Salim TO, Ahmad W Faraj: A generalization of integral operator associated with fractional calculus Mittag-Leffler function. J Fractional Calculus Appl 2012, 3(5):1-13.Google Scholar
Shukla AK, Prajapati JC: On a generalised Mittag-Leffler function and its properties. J Math Anal Appl 2007, 336: 797-811. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.03.018View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Sneddon IN: The use of integral Transforms. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill; 1979.Google Scholar
Srivastava HM, Manocha HL: A treatise on generating functions Wiley. Chichester, England: Ellis Horwood Ltd.; 1984.Google Scholar
Wiman A: Uber den fundamental Satz in der Theorie der Funktionen Eα(x). Acta Math 1905, 29: 191-201. 10.1007/BF02403202View ArticleGoogle Scholar
Whittaker ET, Watson GN: A course of modern analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press; 1962.Google Scholar

Copyright

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

On some properties of the generalized Mittag-Leffler function

Abstract

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification

Keywords

Introduction

Basic properties of the function E α , β , ν , σ , δ , p μ , ρ , γ , q ( z )

Theorem 2.1.

Proof.

Theorem 2.2.

Proof.

Theorem 2.3.

Proof.

Corollary 2.3.

Remark 2.3.

Theorem 2.4.

Proof.

Generalized hypergeometric function representation of E α , β , ν , σ , δ , p μ , ρ , γ , q ( z )

Integral transforms of E α , β , ν , σ , δ , p μ , ρ , γ , q ( z )

Theorem 4.1.

Proof.

Remark 4.1.

Theorem 4.2.

Proof.

Theorem 4.3.

Proof.

Corollary 4.3.

Theorem 4.4. (Laplace transform)

Proof.

Corollary 4.4.

Remark 4.4.

Theorem 4.5. (Whittaker transform)

Proof.

Corollary 4.5.

Relationship with some known special functions

Relationship with Wright hypergeometric function

Relationship with Fox H-function

Relationship with generalized Laguerre polynomials

Declarations

Acknowledgements

Authors’ Affiliations

References

Copyright

Basic properties of the function $E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z)$

Generalized hypergeometric function representation of $E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z)$

Integral transforms of $E_{α, β, ν, σ, δ, p}^{μ, ρ, γ, q} (z)$