From: Effectiveness of preoperative beta-blockade on intra-operative heart rate in vascular surgery cases conducted under regional or local anesthesia
Type of β-blocker
No preoperative β-blocker (n = 76)
Preoperative β-blocker (n = 137)
P-values
Labetalol (mg)
29.6 (39.6)
38.5 (47.3)
0.71
Metoprolol (mg)
6.7 (5.7)
6.0 (3.9)
0.68
Esmolol (mg)
35.0 (7.1)
70.0 (43.5)
0.36