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  1. Three dedicated approaches to the calculation of the risk-adjusted net present value (rNPV) in drug discovery projects under different assumptions are suggested. The probability of finding a candidate drug suitab...

    Authors: Andreas M Svennebring and Jarl ES Wikberg
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:140
  2. Quinones are electron and proton carriers that play a primary role in the aerobic metabolism of virtually every cell in nature. Most physiological quinones are benzoquinones. They undergo highly regulated redo...

    Authors: Jennifer Madeo, Adeel Zubair and Frieri Marianne
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:139
  3. Avian leukosis (AL) is one of the most harmful diseases to the poultry industry in China. The detection of the avian leukosis virus (ALV) p27 antigen plays a decisive role in the elimination of avian leukosis....

    Authors: Xiuzhen Wang, Bo Wang, Peipei Zhang, Hegang Cheng and Shuhong Sun
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:138
  4. The aims of the present study were to investigate how breast cancer (BC) subtypes and treatment affect time to brain metastasis (TTBM). We retrospectively investigated 189 consecutive patients who were diagnos...

    Authors: Hee Kyung Ahn, Yeon Hee Park, Su Jin Lee, Silvia Park, Chi Hoon Maeng, Won Park, Doo Ho Choi, Seung Jae Hur, Jin Seok Ahn and Young-Hyuck Im
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:136
  5. To study the D-genome of the wild wheat relative Aegilops tauschii Cosson at the hexaploid level, we developed a synthetic doubled-haploid (DH) hexaploid wheat population, SynDH3. This population was derived from...

    Authors: Ming Hao, Jixiang Chen, Lianquan Zhang, Jiangtao Luo, Zhongwei Yuan, Zehong Yan, Bo Zhang, Wenjie Chen, Yuming Wei, Huaigang Zhang, Youliang Zheng and Dengcai Liu
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:131
  6. Aspergillus oryzae was used to enhance the mobilization of antioxidants of soybean matrix along with garlic as a co-substrate by modulating polyphenolic substances during solid-state fermentation. Mobilized poly...

    Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim El-Batal, Abd-Algawad M Hashem and Noha M Abdelbaky
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:129
  7. Based on our theory, main triplets of amino acid residues have been discovered in cell-adhesion receptors (integrins) of marine sponges, which participate as homologies in the interface between two major immun...

    Authors: Alexander O Tarakanov and Kjell G Fuxe
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:128
  8. The deep-sea environments of the South Atlantic Ocean are less studied in comparison to the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. With the aim of identifying the deep-sea bacteria in this less known ocean, 70 str...

    Authors: Marcus Adonai Castro da Silva, Angélica Cavalett, Ananda Spinner, Daniele Cristina Rosa, Regina Beltrame Jasper, Maria Carolina Quecine, Maria Letícia Bonatelli, Aline Pizzirani-Kleiner, Gertrudes Corção and André Oliveira de Souza Lima
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:127
  9. Women receiving treatment for breast cancer commonly ingest herbal medicines. Little is known about the potential for herb-drug interactions in this population. The aim of this study is to investigate the effe...

    Authors: Janette Vardy, Haryana M Dhillon, Stephen J Clarke, Inger Olesen, Felicity Leslie, Anne Warby, Jane Beith, Anne Sullivan, Anne Hamilton, Philip Beale, Anneliese Rittau and Andrew J McLachlan
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:126
  10. Model Driven Development is a promising approach to develop high quality software systems. We have proposed a method of model-driven requirements analysis using Unified Modeling Language (UML). The main featur...

    Authors: Hirotaka Okuda, Shinpei Ogata and Saeko Matsuura
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:123
  11. In an ongoing survey for bioactive potential of microorganisms from different biosphere zones of India, a new Chrysosporium lobatum strain BK-3 was isolated from soil sample collected from a biodiversity hotspot,...

    Authors: C Ganesh Kumar, Poornima Mongolla, Pombala Sujitha, Joveeta Joseph, K Suresh Babu, Gangi Suresh, Kallaganti Venkata Siva Ramakrishna, Uppula Purushotham, G Narahari Sastry and Ahmed Kamal
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:122
  12. Mutation testing is usually regarded as an important method towards fault revealing. Despite this advantage, it has proved to be impractical for industrial use because of its expenses. To this extend, automate...

    Authors: Mike Papadakis and Nicos Malevris
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:121
  13. A method of optimisation of new extractants structure using the desirable function has been developed. Earlier the desirable function has been proposed by Harrington (Ind Qual Control 21: 494-498, 1965) for th...

    Authors: Sergey A Semenov and Aleksandr M Reznik
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:120
  14. Remediation of aquaculture water using microorganisms like Bacillus species is a burgeoning trend for the sustainable development of aquaculture industries. In this work, a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain (name...

    Authors: Fengxing Xie, Taicheng Zhu, Fengfeng Zhang, Ke Zhou, Yujie Zhao and Zhenghua Li
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:119
  15. Our containment trials have established cold tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum osmotin (Nt Osm) transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa Ruby). Though, the stress tolerance mechanisms have been studied at...

    Authors: Vikas Yadav Patade, Deepti Khatri, Maya Kumari, Atul Grover, Sanjay Mohan Gupta and Zakwan Ahmed
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:117
  16. Web pages are used for a variety of purposes. End users must understand dynamically changing content and sequentially follow page links to find desired material, requiring significant time and effort. However,...

    Authors: Hajime Iwata, Naofumi Kobayashi, Kenji Tachibana, Junko Shirogane and Yoshiaki Fukazawa
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:116
  17. The neuraminidase (NA) of the influenza virus is the target of antiviral drug, oseltamivir. Recently, cases are reported that Influenza virus becoming resistant to oseltamivir, necessitating the development of...

    Authors: Vasudevan Karthick and Karuppasamy Ramanathan
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:115
  18. The excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are transmembrane proteins responsible for the uptake of (S)-glutamate from the synaptic cleft. To date, five subtypes EAAT1-5 have been identified for which selecti...

    Authors: Tri HV Huynh, Charles S Demmer, Bjarke Abrahamsen, Emil Marcher, Mikael Frykman, Anders A Jensen and Lennart Bunch
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:112
  19. The aim was to confirm a previously defined prognostic index, combining a proliferation marker, histological grade, and estrogen receptor (ER) in different subsets of primary N0/N1 chemo-naïve breast cancer pa...

    Authors: Carina Strand, Martin Bak, Signe Borgquist, Gunilla Chebil, Anna-Karin Falck, Marie-Louise Fjällskog, Dorthe Grabau, Ingrid Hedenfalk, Karin Jirström, Marie Klintman, Per Malmström, Hans Olsson, Lisa Rydén, Olle Stål, Pär-Ola Bendahl and Mårten Fernö
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:111
  20. Evidence suggests that habitual loading can result in patellar tendon hypertrophy, especially at the proximal and distal parts of the patellar tendon. The underlying protein kinetic changes and its regulation ...

    Authors: Kasper Dideriksen, Ann Kathrine Ryberg Sindby, Michael Krogsgaard, Peter Schjerling, Lars Holm and Henning Langberg
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:109
  21. Cause for gastroenteritis range from viral, bacterial to parasitic pathogens. Rapid Multiplexing techniques like ProGastro_SSCS and xTAG_GPP can detect broad panels of pathogens simultaneously.

    Authors: Pascal Kahlau, Monika Malecki, Verena Schildgen, Christine Schulz, Ingo Winterfeld, Sabine Messler, Frauke Mattner and Oliver Schildgen
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:106
  22. This review aims to provide an insight into human learning processes by examining the role of cognitive and emotional unconscious processing in mentally integrating visual and verbal instructional materials. R...

    Authors: Seffetullah Kuldas, Hairul Nizam Ismail, Shahabuddin Hashim and Zainudin Abu Bakar
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:105
  23. The photostabilization of polystyrene (PS) films by 2,3-dihydro-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenyl-2-(substituted)-1,3,4-oxazepine-4,7-dione compounds was investigated. PS films containing concentration ...

    Authors: Emad Yousif, Ayad Hameed, Nadia Salih, Jumat Salimon and Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:104
  24. This study investigated the effects of sudden weaning of angel fish larvae (Pteraphylum scalari) from Artemia nauplii to commercial larval feed. Four days post hatch (DPH) larvae were reared in four different wea...

    Authors: Sandamali Sakunthala Herath and Kerthi Sri Senarathna Atapaththu
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:102
  25. Interferon alpha (IFNα) has immune stimulatory actions implicated in its pulmonary toxicities. We describe deterioration of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) associated with IFNα treatment for chronic hepati...

    Authors: Victoria Yee-May Ling, Marianne Mortimore and David J Serisier
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:101
  26. Climate change has resulted in increased vulnerability of smallholder farmers in marginal areas of Zimbabwe where there is limited capacity to adapt to changing climate. One approach that has been used to adap...

    Authors: George Nyamadzawo, Menas Wuta, Justice Nyamangara and Douglas Gumbo
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:100
  27. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion (Δc H o m) and formation (Δf H o m) of quaternary ammonium tetrachlorozincate [n-CnH2n+1N(CH3)3]2ZnCl4 have been determined for the hydrocarbon chain length from even num...

    Authors: Biyan Ren, Shuying Zhang, Bei Ruan, Kezhong Wu and Jianjun Zhang
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:98
  28. Promotion of low-skilled off-farm rural labor market participation can be an important strategy to improve livelihoods and food security of the poor in developing countries. This paper investigates rural farm ...

    Authors: Bharat P Bhatta and Torbjørn Årethun
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:97
  29. The root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been shown to induce nitric oxide (NO) release resulting in a hypotensive effect. However, the main active component contributing to vascular endothelium relaxation remain...

    Authors: Hee Yoon Ahn, So Young Hong, Ji Yeon Kim and Oran Kwon
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:96
  30. Saprolegniosis are one of the most important oomycetes affecting freshwater fish worldwide. It leads to huge losses in fish farms due to their massive destruction to the fish epidermis leading to sever heamodi...

    Authors: Eman Zahran and Engy Risha
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:94
  31. During a screening program for bioactive natural products, a potential Streptomyces sp was isolated from soil. On the basis of biochemical, cultural, physiological and 16S rRNA gene analysis, it was identified as...

    Authors: Sunita Holkar, Deovrat Begde, Nandita Nashikkar, Tukaram Kadam and Avinash Upadhyay
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:93
  32. Wards cohorting infected orthopaedic patients may be particularly prone to transmitting extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E). We analyze their epidemic pattern by performing m...

    Authors: Americo Agostinho, Gesuele Renzi, Thomas Haustein, Ghislaine Jourdan, Chantal Bonfillon, Mathieu Rougemont, Pierre Hoffmeyer, Stephan Harbarth and Ilker Uçkay
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2013 2:91