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  1. Eruca sativa is extensively used as raw and its oil is also used for cooking due to its exceptional flavour. The volatile nature of the hydrolytic products of glucosinolates makes the ext...

    Authors: Rohit Arora, Bikram Singh, Adarsh Pal Vig and Saroj Arora
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:479
  2. Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent avian paramyxovirus type 1, is one of the most important diseases responsible for devastating outbreaks in poultry flocks in Ethiopia. However, the information about ...

    Authors: Delesa Damena, Alice Fusaro, Melaku Sombo, Redeat Belaineh, Alireza Heidari, Abera Kebede, Menbere Kidane and Hassen Chaka
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:476
  3. The growth response, metal tolerance and phytoaccumulation properties of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) were assessed under different contaminated spiked metals: control, 50 mg...

    Authors: Chuck Chuan Ng, Md Motior Rahman, Amru Nasrulhaq Boyce and Mhd Radzi Abas
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:469
  4. This work aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of piroctone olamine in the treatment of intra-abdominal candidiasis in an experimental model using Swiss mice. The mice (n = 6) were infected by intraperito...

    Authors: Fabíola Maria Marques do Couto, Silene Carneiro do Nascimento, Silvio Francisco Pereira Júnior, Vanessa Karina Alves da Silva, André Ferraz Goiana Leal and Rejane Pereira Neves
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:468
  5. Esophageal cancer, which consist of esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, especially in the south of Iran and China. To find...

    Authors: Cheng Tan, Xia Qian, Zhifeng Guan, Baixia Yang, Yangyang Ge, Feng Wang and Jing Cai
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:467
  6. Ear infection linked with frequent antibiotic prescription, hearing impairment, severe disability and death is a public health threat in developing countries. However, there is scarcity of documented data in t...

    Authors: Derese Hailu, Daniel Mekonnen, Awoke Derbie, Wondemagegn Mulu and Bayeh Abera
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:466
  7. Rainfall erosivity is the potential ability for rainfall to cause soil loss. The purpose of this study was to estimate the rainfall erosivity index for the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission site in order to compu...

    Authors: Paul Essel, Eric T. Glover, Serwaa Yeboah, Yaw Adjei-Kyereme, Israel Nutifafa Doyi Yawo, Mawutoli Nyarku, Godfred S. Asumadu-Sakyi, Gustav Kudjoe Gbeddy, Yvette Agyiriba Agyiri, Evans Mawuli Ameho and Emmanuel Atule Aberikae
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:465
  8. Muscle strengthening may be difficult to achieve in knee osteoarthritis (OA) due to pain. A large knee adduction moment (KAM), representing medial relative to lateral knee load, may also relate with pain durin...

    Authors: Elora C. Brenneman, Alexander B. Kuntz, Emily G. Wiebenga and Monica R. Maly
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:463
  9. Although ultrasonography before a vascular access (VA) operation has become popular in recent years, benchmarks for the diameter or blood flow of arteries or veins are not defined in Japan. The objective of th...

    Authors: Junichiro Nakata, Hiroaki Io, Tomonari Watanabe, Yu Sasaki, Yuko Makita, Tatsuya Aoki, Hiroyuki Yanagawa, Reo Kanda and Yasuhiko Tomino
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:462
  10. A novel Brönsted–Lewis acidic heteropoly organic–inorganic salt has been prepared via the replacement of protons in neat phosphotungstic acid with both organic and metal cations. This hybrid catalyst, Sm0.33[TEAP...

    Authors: Bing Yuan, Congxia Xie, Fengli Yu, Xiaoying Yang, Shitao Yu, Jianling Zhang and Xiaobing Chen
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:460
  11. Beneficial and detrimental effects of various vegetarian and vegan diets on the health status are well known. Considering the growing background numbers of vegetarians and vegans, the number of vegetarian and ...

    Authors: Katharina Wirnitzer, Tom Seyfart, Claus Leitzmann, Markus Keller, Gerold Wirnitzer, Christoph Lechleitner, Christoph Alexander Rüst, Thomas Rosemann and Beat Knechtle
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:458
  12. A new type of controlled release fertilizers coated with polyurea was prepared. The granulated urea was firstly changed into a liquid urea by heating as the coating liquid. By spraying uniformly the urea was c...

    Authors: Panfang Lu, Yanfei Zhang, Cong Jia, Yufeng Li and Zhiquan Mao
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:457
  13. Based on a new trial function, an analytical coupled technique (a combination of homotopy perturbation method and variational method) is presented to obtain the approximate frequencies and the corresponding pe...

    Authors: Md. Abdur Razzak and Md. Shamsul Alam
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:456
  14. The paper presents a significant improvement to the implementation of the spectral relaxation method (SRM) for solving nonlinear partial differential equations that arise in the modelling of fluid flow proble...

    Authors: Vusi M. Magagula, Sandile S. Motsa, Precious Sibanda and Phumlani G. Dlamini
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:455
  15. Increasing energy demand has spurred interest in the use of biofuels. Jatropha curcas (physic nut), an inedible oilseed, is a potential source of bioenergy. The seeds, however, contain allergens such as Jat c 1, ...

    Authors: Livia Maia Crespo, Natalia Deus de Oliveira, Renato Augusto Damatta, Viviane Veiga do Nascimento, Thais Pacheco Soares and Olga Lima Tavares Machado
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:454
  16. Establishment of an efficient explants surface disinfection protocol is essential for in vitro cell and tissue culture as well as germplasm conservation, such as the case of Grapevine (Vitis spp.) culture. In th...

    Authors: M. F. Lazo-Javalera, R. Troncoso-Rojas, M. E. Tiznado-Hernández, M. A. Martínez-Tellez, I. Vargas-Arispuro, M. A. Islas-Osuna and M. Rivera-Domínguez
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:453
  17. To evaluate prevalence, radiological reporting and clinical management of pathologic vertebral body fractures (VBFs) of unknown origin in cancer patients receiving computed tomography (CT) examinations.

    Authors: Melanie Wild, Peter Dankerl, Matthias Hammon, Michael Uder and Rolf Janka
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:450
  18. This paper proposes a novel continuous sparse autoencoder (CSAE) which can be used in unsupervised feature learning. The CSAE adds Gaussian stochastic unit into activation function to extract features of nonli...

    Authors: Lukun Wang, Xiaoying Zhao, Jiangnan Pei and Gongyou Tang
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:448
  19. Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) is believed to have originated from Mexico and Central America. So far, characterization efforts have focused on Asia, Africa and Mexico. Non-toxic, low p...

    Authors: Francisco Bueso, Italo Sosa, Roldan Chun and Renan Pineda
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:445
  20. In this article, we make a comparative study for a new approach compression between discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). We seek the transform proper to vector quantization to ...

    Authors: Eloundou Pascal Ntsama, Welba Colince and Pierre Ele
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:444
  21. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic condition of the joints that takes place when the cartilage or a low friction surface between joints breaks down which leads to pain, stiffness and swelling. The ...

    Authors: Alireza Askari, Tahereh Gholami, Mohammad Mehdi NaghiZadeh, Mojtaba Farjam, Seyed Amin Kouhpayeh and Zahra Shahabfard
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:442
  22. Previous studies have shown that muscle repetitive stress injuries (RSIs) are often related to sport trainings among young participants. As such, understanding the mechanism of RSIs is essential for injury pre...

    Authors: Bingjun Wan and Gongbing Shan
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:441
  23. Worldwide, an estimated 35 % of mangrove forests have been lost between 1980 and 2005—among other reasons due to expansion of aquaculture production systems. In Vietnam, where the total mangrove area decreased...

    Authors: Urs Baumgartner, Shelagh Kell and Tuan Hoang Nguyen
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:438
  24. Fountain Creek in Colorado USA is a major tributary that confluences with the Arkansas River at Pueblo, Colorado, the result being the tributary’s influence on Arkansas River water quality affecting down-strea...

    Authors: D. R. Nimmo, S. J. Herrmann, J. S. Carsella, C. M. McGarvy, H. P. Foutz, L. M. Herrmann-Hoesing, J. M. Gregorich, J. A. Turner and B. D. Vanden Heuvel
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:437
  25. Priapism is an uncommon disorder of involuntary prolonged erection beyond sexual excitement or desire. Herein, we present a rare case of priapism resulting from traditional circumcision under regional anesthes...

    Authors: Min Tang, Bianjiang Liu, Jie Li, Qiang Lu, Ninghong Song, Zengjun Wang and Wei Zhang
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:436
  26. Existing data suggest that obesity correlates with airway hyper-reactivity. However, the incidence of bronchospasm during bariatric surgery in obese patients has not been well studied.

    Authors: Vassilios Tassoudis, Hronis Ieropoulos, Menelaos Karanikolas, George Vretzakis, Aik Bouzia, Elias Mantoudis and Argyro Petsiti
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:435
  27. A review on CMOS delay lines with a focus on the most frequently used techniques for high-resolution delay step is presented. The primary types, specifications, delay circuits, and operating principles are pre...

    Authors: Bilal I. Abdulrazzaq, Izhal Abdul Halin, Shoji Kawahito, Roslina M. Sidek, Suhaidi Shafie and Nurul Amziah Md. Yunus
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:434
  28. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a major cause of renal failure. Sera of some FSGS patients increase glomerular albumin permeability (Palb) during in vitro testing and cause proteinuria in experimenta...

    Authors: Sudhindra Pudur, Tarak Srivastava, Mukut Sharma, Ram Sharma, Sergey Tarima, Hongying Dai, Ellen T. McCarthy and Virginia J. Savin
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:432
  29. BoNT-A is often used in the clinical treatment for movement disorders. In recent years, various clinical studies suggest that BoNT-A can effectively alleviate pain caused by trigeminal neuralgia (TN); however,...

    Authors: Chuanjie Wu, Nanchang Xie, Yajun Lian, Hongliang Xu, Chen Chen, Yake Zheng, Yuan Chen and Haifeng Zhang
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:431
  30. To determine whether patients with a pre-existing PPI treatment had a higher risk of poor evolution (recurrence or death) when diagnosed with a toxicogenic Clostridium difficile digestive infection.

    Authors: Ophélie Dos Santos-Schaller, Sandrine Boisset, Arnaud Seigneurin and Olivier Epaulard
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:430
  31. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at a higher cardiovascular (CV) risk in comparison to the general population. CV risk associates closely with aortic stiffness. Aim of this exploration was therefore...

    Authors: Konstantinos Triantafyllias, Michele De Blasi, Isabell Hoffmann, Thomas Thomaidis, Philipp Drees and Andreas Schwarting
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:428
  32. Adenoidectomy, surgical removal of hypertrophic adenoids, is a common operation in children worldwide. The purpose of this study was to compare the operative effectiveness, and included total operative time, ...

    Authors: Liyun Yang, Yamin Shan, Shili Wang, Changping Cai and Hao Zhang
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:426
  33. The detection and localization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of multidetect...

    Authors: Seung Woo Choi, Joong Mo Ahn, Joon Woo Lee, Kyung Seok Park and Heung Sik Kang
    Citation: SpringerPlus 2016 5:424