Table 4 Anti-epileptic drugs associated with sexual dysfunction
From: The relationship between epilepsy and sexual dysfunction: a review of the literature
Drug and dose (mg) | Dysfunction assessed | Sex (n) | Prevalence | Diagnosis | Sexual dysfunction assessment | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sexual dysfunctions | ||||||
Primidone (250) | Decreased libido or impotence | M (109) | 22% | GTCS | Questionnaire | Mattson et al. (1985) |
Carbamazepine (580) | Sperm abnormality | M (13) | 77% | IGE, PE | Semen analysis and ultrasonography of testicles | Isojärvi et al. (2004) |
Oxcarbazepine (1060) | M (17) | 59% | ||||
Valproate (1080) | M (25) | 80% | ||||
Topiramate (100–200) | Erectile dysfunction | M (40) | 5% | PE | Clinical interview | Holtkamp et al. (2005) |
Valproate (400–1250) | i. Erectile dysfunction ii. Premature ejaculation iii. Orgasm dysfunction iv. Diminished sexual desire | M (8) | i. 50% ii. 50% iii. 0.0% iv. 62.5% | GTCS | Sexual function questionnaire | Hamed et al. (2006) |
Carbamazepine (400–1000) | M (17) | i. 47.1% ii. 35.3% iii. 5.9% iv. 52.9% | ||||
Pregabalin (150–600) | Erectile dysfunction | M (363) | 3.0% | PE | Questionnaire | Hitiris et al. (2006) |
Lamotrigine (50–200) | Lack of sexual interest | M (75), F (66) | 11% | Complex PE, IGE | Changes in sexual functioning questionnaire (CSFQ) | Gil-Nagel et al. (2006) |
Phenytoin (100) | Retrograde ejaculation | M (1) | Case report | PE | Clinical examination | Elia et al. (2010) |
Zonisamide (200) | Erectile dysfunction | M (1) | Case report | PE | Clinical interview | Maschio et al. (2011) |
Gabapentin (900) | Anorgasmia | F (1) | Case report | GTCS | Clinical interview | Perloff et al. (2011) |
Leviteracetam (2000–3000) | i. Decreased libido ii. Erectile dysfunction iii. Anhedonia | M (2) | Case reports | GTCS, Myoclonic seizures | Clinical interview | Calabrò et al. (2012) |
Pregabalin (300) | Anorgasmia | M (4) | Case reports | PE | Clinical interview | Calabrò et al. (2013) |
Leviteracetam (500–1000) | Sperm abnormality | M (10) | 69.2% | GTCS, complex PE | Computer-aided sperm analysis | Xiaotian et al. (2013) |
Valproate (500–1000) | M (15) | 18.8% | ||||
Lacosamide (400) | i. Loss of libido ii. Erectile dysfunction | M (1) | Case report | Simple and complex seizures | Clinical examination | Calabro (2016) |