Table 1 Drug alerting rule types

Dosage

Defines maximum dosage for one medical order

Maximum dosage of Ambroxol injection is 2 doses

[Dosage] ≤ 2 doses

Daily dosage

Defines maximum daily accumulated dosage

Maximum daily dosage of ShuXueNing injection (Ginkgo biloba extract) is 4 doses

[DailyDosage] ≤ 4 doses

Administration route

Defines allowed administration route

Cobamamide injection should be administrated by intramuscular injection

[AdministrationRoute] = {intramuscular}

Frequency

Defines allowed frequency

Ceftriaxone injection frequency should be qd. (1/day)

[Frequency] = {qd}

skin test

Defines whether skin test flag should be specified in the medication order, so as to remind the nurses

Lidocaine hydrochloride injection needs skin test

[SkinTest] = true

Dissolvent

Defines allowed dissolvent

Dissolvent for pHGF injection can only be 10% glucose injection

[Dissolvent] = {10% glucose}

Dissolvent dosage

Defines maximum dissolvent dosage

Dissolvent dosage for iron sucrose injection is 100 ml

100 ml ≤ [DissolventDosage] ≤ 100 ml

Pregnancy risk

Assigns each drug to FDA pregnancy category, which contains five categories: ABCDX. Category X should never be applied to pregnant patients

FDA pregnancy category of Ribavirin is X

[PregancyRiskLevel] = X

Drug-drug interaction (DDI)

Defines synergistic, antagonistic, etc. interactions between drugs

Warfarin and Vitamin K have antagonistic interaction

Interaction (Warfarin, Vitamin K)

Contra-indication

Defines drug-disease and drug-symptom conflicts

Clopidogrel cannot be used against patients with active peptic ulcer

[Contra-indication] = ”[active peptic ulcer] == false && [gastrointestinal hemorrhage] == false”, check passed if result is true

prescription restriction

Restricts the prescription of certain drugs for some departments or physicians

For third-line antibiotics such as Vancomycin, only chief physicians have prescription rights. Pediatrics departments cannot prescribe Vancomycin

[RestrictedDeptment] = {pediatrics}, [RestrictedPhyscian] = {ID1, ID2,…}