Table 1 Participant characteristics of the study groups
Non-obese (<25 kg/m2) n = 167 | Obese (30–39.9 kg/m2) n = 121 | Morbidly obese (≥40 kg/m2) n = 22 | p (sig) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 69.1 ± 10.4 | 69.3 ± 8.5 | 66.9 ± 5.2 | 0.124 |
Weight (kg) | 73.6 ± 12.4 | 94.1 ± 13.9 | 126.2 ± 19.5 | 0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 2.5 | 34.1 ± 2.9 | 47.3 ± 5.6 | 0.0001 |
Sex (%) | ||||
Male | 50 | 49.5 | 27 | |
Female | 50 | 50.5 | 73 | 0.002 |
Ethnicity (%) | ||||
Caucasian | 95.7 | 95.1 | 93.7 | |
African American | 2 | 1.2 | 6.3 | |
Hispanic | 2.3 | 0.9 | 0 | |
Asian | 0 | 0.9 | 0 | |
Other | 0 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.467 |
Comorbidities (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 23 | 38.5 | 30.2 | 0.0001 |
Heart disease | 9.3 | 9.8 | 4.8 | 0.436 |
Diabetes mellitus | 9.3 | 10.2 | 23.8 | 0.002 |
Tobacco use (%) | 4.1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.692 |
Analgesic use (%) | 25.2 | 36 | 27 | 0.004 |
Mechanism of shoulder pain (%) | ||||
Acute fracture | 4.1 | 1.8 | 0 | |
Osteoarthritis | 43.7 | 52.9 | 63.5 | |
Rotator cuff tear | 1.3 | 3.7 | 4.8 | |
Rotator cuff arthropathy | 35.7 | 30.8 | 20.6 | |
Other | 15.2 | 10.8 | 11.1 | 0.0001 |