Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants stratified by smoking status in Chongqing, China [%/mean (SD)]
Variable | Smokers (n = 395) | Non-smokers (n = 902) | Statistical test |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD) | 16.52 ± 1.40 | 15.35 ± 1.89 | t = 1.83, p < 0.001* |
School category | χ2 = 42.4823, p < 0.001* | ||
Middle school | 61 (15.4) | 298 (33.0) | |
High school | 334 (84.6) | 604 (67.0) | |
Marital status of parents | χ2 = 2.011, p < 0.366 | ||
Non-single parent families | 323 (81.8) | 760 (84.3) | |
Single parent families | 69 (17.5) | 139 (15.4) | |
Missing | 3 (0.8) | 3 (0.3) | |
Family economic situation | χ2 = 11.5954, p = 0.003* | ||
Rich | 57 (14.4) | 171 (19.0) | |
Average | 244 (61.8) | 583 (64.6) | |
Impoverished | 94 (23.8) | 148 (16.4) | |
Father smoking status | χ2 = 22.7722, p < 0.001* | ||
Non-smoker | 140 (35.4) | 449 (49.8) | |
Smoker | 255 (64.6) | 453 (50.2) | |
Mother smoking status | χ2 = 7.2892, p = 0.007* | ||
Non-smoker | 370 (93.7) | 874 (96.9) | |
Smoker | 25 (6.3) | 28 (3.1) | |
Number of family member smoking | χ2 = 33.0289, p < 0.001* | ||
None | 80 (20.3) | 310 (34.4) | |
One to two | 257 (65.1) | 520 (57.7) | |
Three and above | 58 (14.7) | 72 (8.0) | |
Number of friends smoking | χ2 = 236.0684, p < 0.001* | ||
None | 82 (20.8) | 582 (64.5) | |
One to two | 48 (12.2) | 99 (11.0) | |
Three and above | 265 (67.1) | 221 (24.5) | |
Attitude towards friends smoking | χ2 = 155.8387, p < 0.001* | ||
Agree | 47 (11.9) | 24 (2.7) | |
Neutral | 246 (62.3) | 323 (35.8) | |
Disagree | 102 (25.8) | 555 (61.5) | |
Attitude towards family member smoking | χ2 = 70.4818, p < 0.001* | ||
Agree | 29 (7.3) | 20 (2.2) | |
Neutral | 168 (42.5) | 222 (24.6) | |
Disagree | 198 (50.1) | 660 (73.2) |