Features of omental adipose tissue in endometrial cancer patients with ‘standard’ or ‘metabolically healthy’ obesity: associations with tumor process characteristics

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Table 3 mRNA expression of studied genes in omental adipose tissue samples from endometrial cancer patients with different body mass index and obesity phenotype (real-time PCR)

Group	mRNA expression value in units, 2^−∆Ct (M ± m)				BMI (M ± m)
Group	UCP1	CYP19	Omentin	PTEN	BMI (M ± m)
BMI <25.0 (9)	0.005 ± 0.002¹	0.005 ± 0.002	0.383 ± 0.152²	1.029 ± 0.620^IY	22.99 ± 0.38
BMI 25.0–29.9 (16)	0.022 ± 0.008^{1, I}	0.008 ± 0.002	1.268 ± 0.476	3.400 ± 1.540	28.54 ± 0.26
BMI ≥30.0 (32)	0.919 ± 0.900^I	0.010 ± 0.003	0.752 ± 0.318	4.920 ± 3.372	36.41 ± 1.11
BMI ≥25.0 (48)			0.932 ± 0.265²	4.473 ± 2.269^IY
SO (33)	0.019 ± 0.006^II	0.007 ± 0.001	0.843 ± 0.300	4.242 ± 3.220	34.62 ± 1.11
MHO (14)	1.642 ± 1.620^II	0.015 ± 0.007	1.161 ± 0.564	4.629 ± 1.780	31.65 ± 1.54
Endometrioid carcinomas (41)	0.592 ± 0.579^III	0.008 ± 0.003	0.802 ± 0.284	2.208 ± 0.807^Y	32.76 ± 1.13
Non-endometrioid carcinomas (14)	0.030 ± 0.013^III	0.010 ± 0.002	0.960 ± 0.394	7.569 ± 5.885^Y	29.61 ± 1.62

A relative expression of each gene in samples was calculated using a 2^−∆Ct formula (where Ct is cycle threshold), ∆Ct = Ct (target gene)—Ct (reference gene, SDHA, see “Methods and patients” section). Each of subgroups lacked an expression in some samples; mean values are given for cases with gene expression
BMI body mass index, SO “standard” obesity, MHO “metabolically healthy” obesity. Numbers of cases are presented in brackets. UCP1—see notes to Table 2. CYP19 cytochrome 19, aromatase; Omentin—adipokine (fat tissue hormone initially discovered in a great omentum depot, see “Discussion” section); PTEN phosphatase (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) gene, whose mutation or lowered expression quite often is found in malignant tumors, including endometrial cancer (see “Discussion” section)
Student’s t-test: p ¹ 0.05; p ² 0.06. Fischer’s exact test (by number of cases ≥ median for the whole group): ^I p 0.53; ^II p 0.50; ^III p 0.073 (in favor of non-endometrioid tumors due to one extremely different value in endometrioid carcinomas group); ^IY p 0.32 (Chi-square p 0.39); ^Y p 0.59