Trace elements in native and improved paddy rice from different climatic regions of Sri Lanka: implications for public health

Diyabalanage, Saranga; Navarathna, Thamara; Abeysundara, Hemalika T. K.; Rajapakse, Sanath; Chandrajith, Rohana

doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3547-9

SpringerPlus

Table 1 Summary statistics of trace elements in rice grains from different climatic zone of Sri Lanka (in µg/kg in dry weight basis; SD-standard deviation)

From: Trace elements in native and improved paddy rice from different climatic regions of Sri Lanka: implications for public health

	Li	B	Al	Cr	Mn	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Se	Sr	Mo	Cd	Ba	Pb	Bi
Wet zone (n = 81)
Min	2.5	2.5	2987	36.8	2995	3481	1.8	74.2	510	4525	2.48	2.32	31.2	144	0.6	231	2.47	0.32
Max	61	1931	23,976	1113	34,716	46,745	429	7641	6770	33,745	213	168	859	2108	576	4006	1277	86.6
Mean	10	839	8183	277	18,086	14,078	77	1026	2467	15,473	48	30	319	787	128	1433	257	4.74
Median	2	777	6876	203	18,038	11,833	44	571	2333	15,522	40	19	281	745	79	1243	192	2
SD	11	427	3700	215	8235	8234	92	1342	1148	4994	40.8	33.8	193	401	137	824	286	12
Intermediate zone (n = 70)
Min	2.5	2.5	2744	13	1798	2036	1.2	65	442	2532	2.5	0.54	14.6	0.88	2.34	176	2.48	2.47
Max	37	1543	16,972	520	28,448	40,589	296	6854	4802	21,320	143	156	720	1953	213	3060	945	69
Mean	6.5	650	8145	219	13,419	12,079	81	1012	2264	11,672	38	24	213	762	54	988	271	4
Median	2.5	611	7865	230	14,006	10,811	67	466	2212	11,669	34	14	184	712	38	898	254	2.5
SD	7	356	2802	129	7317	7806	66	1436	1080	5086	31	29	158	389	45	563	227	8
Dry zone (n = 75)
Min	2.5	2.5	3273	23	2139	1724	6.5	51	381	2772	2.5	2.1	28.5	3.0	0.6	209.7	0.6	2.5
Max	61.4	4622	13,700	362	41,710	41,614	398	2518	5547	33,247	186	261	1076	1857	282	3631	916	14.4
Mean	8.5	1016	7705	154	16,153	13,666	82	577	2430	13,156	41	44	342	673	68	1152	322	3.3
Median	2	859	7537	156	17,627	12,280	63	366	2156	13,950	29	26	288	597	52	990	242	2
SD	10.8	915	2534	85	11,272	9377	80	581	1267	6947	39	55	243	446	66	731	239	2.2
Native rice (n = 21)
Min	2.5	75.3	3441	160	10,354	5838	21	148	595	7603	2.5	2.5	102	300	8.0	532	1.5	2.5
Max	40	1962	39,789	614	39,467	44,135	199	2262	3488	34,780	143	192	1142	1055	72	3173	1338	39
Mean	9	1137	10,353	285	20,729	20,136	103	542	2167	22,605	74	69	480	573	33	1622	385	11
Median	2	1154	7809	241	19,750	19,529	95	394	2074	21,410	80	78	394	524	27	1647	110	7
SD	11	498	8702	109	6993	9006	58	516	833	5597	42	64	281	200	19	720	536	11
Sri Lanka improved (all; n = 226)
Min	2.5	2.5	2744	13.3	1798	1724	1.2	50.9	381	2532	2.5	0.5	14.6	0.9	0.6	176	0.6	0.3
Max	61	4622	23,976	1113	41,710	46,745	429	7641	6770	33,745	213	261	1076	2108	576	4006	1277	87
Mean	8.3	839	8013	218	16,010	13,319	80	876	2392	13,527	43	33	294	741	85	1203	283	4.1
Median	2.5	750	7434	182	16,809	11,696	57	453	2212	14,149	34	19	257	681	55	1083	236	2.5
SD	10	634	3071	163	9278	8512	80	1198	1167	5934	38	42	208	414	99	742	254	8
Improved white rice (n = 163)
Min	2.5	2.5	2744	13.3	1798	1724	6.5	51	558	2532	2.5	0.5	19.7	0.9	0.6	232	0.6	0.3
Max	61	4622	38,161	1002	41,710	46,745	429	7641	5276	33,247	186	261	1076	2108	344	4006	1277	69
Mean	8.3	868	8250	210	16,453	13,117	95	944	2434	13,526	42	36	304	741	70	1245	314	3.5
Median	2.5	772	7535	180	17,464	11,673	68	491	2353	14,162	34	25	259	678	47	1083	263	2.5
SD	10.2	658	4098	142	9456	8097	89	1262	1101	5740	34	44	212	418	66	749	263	5.8
Improved red rice (n = 63)
Min	2.5	2.5	4766	23	2476	2936	1.2	56	381	3205	2.5	2.1	15	3.0	2.5	176	2.5	1.2
Max	37	3136	14,031	1113	34,716	43,346	128	5087	6770	33,745	213	125	766	2037	576	3005	860	87
Mean	8.4	763	7894	240	14,871	13,829	42	693	2283	13,527	45	25	267	742	123	1097	203	5.5
Median	2.5	693	7192	188	15,851	12,118	38	314	2117	14,128	34	8	241	700	73	1078	120	2.5
SD	8.7	561	2267	207	8773	9529	27	995	1324	6452	46	35	195	408	149	717	211	13

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