Table 1 List of the 100 top-cited articles in ectopic pregnancy

1

Kalman S, Mitchell W, Marathe R, et al.: Comparative genomes of Chlamydia pneumoniae and C. trachomatis. Nat Genet. 1999. 21(4):385–389

2

Westroml L, Joesoef R, Reynolds G, et al.: Pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility—a cohort study of 1844 women with laparoscopically verified disease and 657 control women with normal laparoscopic results. Sex Transm Dis. 1992. 19(4):185–192

3

Cates W, Wasserheit JN: Genital chlamydial infections—epidemiology and reproductive sequelae. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1991. 164(6):1771–1781

4

Miller WC, Ford CA, Morris M, et al.: Prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections among young adults in the United States. JAMA—J Am Med Assoc. 2004. 291(18):2229–2236

5

Andersen AMN, Wohlfahrt J, Christens P, et al.: Maternal age and fetal loss: population based register linkage study. Brit Med J. 2000. 320(7251):1708–1712

6

Stovall TG, Ling FW: Single-dose methotrexate—an expanded clinical-trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993. 168(6):1759–1765

7

Kadar N, Caldwell BV, Romero R: A method of screening for ectopic pregnancy and its indications. Obstet Gynecol. 1981. 58(2):162–166

8

Kadar N, Devore G, Romero R: Discriminatory Hcg zone—its use in the sonographic evaluation for ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1981. 58(2):156–161

9

Pouly JL, Mahnes H, Mage G, et al.: Conservative laparoscopic treatment of 321 ectopic pregnancies. Fertil Steril. 1986. 46(6):1093–1097

10

Peyron R, Aubeny E, Targosz V, et al.: Early termination of pregnancy with mifepristone (Ru-486) and the orally active prostaglandin misoprostol. New Engl J Med. 1993. 328(21):1509–1513

11

Westrom L, Bengtsson LP, Mardh PA: Incidence, trends, and risks of ectopic pregnancy in a population of women. Brit Med J. 1981. 282(6257):15–18

12

Lundorff P, Hahlin M, Kallfelt B, et al.: Adhesion formation after laparoscopic surgery in tubal pregnancy—a randomized trial versus laparotomy. Fertil Steril. 1991. 55(5):911–915

13

Breen JL: A 21 year survey of 654 ectopic pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1970. 106(7):1004

14

Jurkovic D, Hillaby K, Woelfer B, et al.: First-trimester diagnosis and management of pregnancies implanted into the lower uterine segment cesarean section scar. Ultrasound Obst Gynecol. 2003. 21(3):220–227

15

Stovall TG, Ling FW, Gray LA: Single-dose methotrexate for treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1991. 77(5):754–757

16

Bruhat MA, Manhes H, Mage G, et al.: Treatment of ectopic pregnancy by means of laparoscopy. Fertil Steril. 1980. 33(4):411–414

17

Castles A, Adams EK, Melvin CL, et al.: Effects of smoking during pregnancy—five meta-analyses. Am Journal Prev Med. 1999. 16(3):208–215

18

Stovall TG, Ling FW, Gray LA, et al.: Methotrexate treatment of unruptured ectopic pregnancy—a report of 100 cases. Obstet Gynecol. 1991. 77(5):749–753

19

Peipert JF: Genital chlamydial infections. New Engl J Med. 2003. 349(25):2424–2430

20

Balen AH, Tan SL, Macdougall J, et al.: Miscarriage rates following invitro fertilization are increased in women with polycystic ovaries and reduced by pituitary desensitization with buserelin. Hum Reprod. 1993. 8(6):959–964

21

Beral V: Epidemiological study of recent trends in ectopic pregnancy. Brit J Obstet Gynaec. 1975. 82(10):775–782

22

Ory SJ, Villanueva AL, Sand PK, et al.: Conservative treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986. 154(6):1299–1306

23

Hillis SD, Owens LM, Marchbanks PA, et al.: Recurrent chlamydial infections increase the risks of hospitalization for ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997. 176(1):103–107

24

Hillis SD, Joesoef R, Marchbanks PA, et al.: Delayed care of pelvic inflammatory disease as a risk factor for impaired fertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993. 168(5):1503–1509

25

Seow KM, Huang LW, Lin YH, et al.: Cesarean scar pregnancy: issues in management. Ultrasound Obst Gyn. 2004. 23(3):L247–253

26

Ankum WM, Mol BWJ, Vander Veen F, et al.: Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 1996. 65(6):1093–1099

27

Lapensee L, Paquette Y, Bleau G: Allelic polymorphism and chromosomal localization of the human oviductin gene (Muc9). Fertil Steril. 1997. 68(4):702–708

28

Chow JM, Yonekura ML, Richwald GA, et al.: The association between Chlamydia trachomatis and ectopic pregnancy—a matched-pair, case–control study. JAMA—J Am Med Assoc. 1990. 263(23):3164–3167

29

Ness RB, Soper DE, Holley RL, et al.: Effectiveness of inpatient and outpatient treatment strategies for women with pelvic inflammatory disease: results from the pelvic inflammatory disease evaluation and clinical health (PEACH) randomized trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002. 186(5):929–937

30

Hemminki E, Merilainen J: Long-term effects of cesarean sections: ectopic pregnancies and placental problems. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996. 174(5):1569–1574

31

Lipscomb GH, McCord ML, Stovall TG, et al.: Predictors of success of methotrexate treatment in women with tubal ectopic pregnancies. New Engl J Med. 1999. 341(26):1974–1978

32

Egger M, Low N, Smith GD, et al.: Screening for chlamydial infections and the risk of ectopic pregnancy in a county in Sweden: ecological analysis. Brit Med J. 1998. 316(7147):1776–1780

33

Cacciatore B. Stenman UH. Ylostalo P: Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy by vaginal ultrasonography in combination with a discriminatory serum Hcg level of 1000-Iu/1 (Irp). Brit J Obstet Gynaec. 1990. 97(10):904–908

34

Sauer MV, Gorrill MJ, Rodi IA, et al.: Nonsurgical management of unruptured ectopic pregnancy—an extended clinical-trial. Fertil Steril. 1987. 48(5):752–755

35

Wald NJ, Hackshaw AK: Cigarette smoking: an epidemiological overview. Brit Med Bull. 1996. 52(1):3–11

36

Decherney A, Kase N: Conservative surgical management of unruptured ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1979. 54(4):451–455

37

Whittington WLH, Kent C, Kissinger P, et al.: Determinants of persistent and recurrent Chlamydia trachomatis infection in young women—results of a multicenter cohort study. Sex Transm Dis. 2001. 28(2):117–123

38

Craven CM, Morgan T, Ward K: Decidual spiral artery remodelling begins before cellular interaction with cytotrophoblasts. Placenta. 1998. 19(4):241–252

39

Stovall TG, Ling FW, Buster JE: Outpatient chemotherapy of unruptured ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 1989. 51(3):435–438

40

Lau S, Tulandi T: Conservative medical and surgical management of interstitial ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 1999. 72(2):207–215

41

Schoolcraft WB, Surrey ES, Gardner DK: Embryo transfer: techniques and variables affecting success. Fertil Steril. 2001. 76(5):863–870

42

Rubin GL, Peterson HB, Dorfman SF, et al.: Ectopic pregnancy in the United-States—1970 through 1978. JAMA-J Am Med Assoc. 1983. 249(13):1725–1729

43

Ostergaard L, andersen B, Moller JK, et al.: Home sampling versus conventional swab sampling for screening of Chlamydia trachomatis in women: a cluster-randomized 1-year follow-up study. Clin Infect Dis. 2000. 31(4):951–957

44

Bouyer J, Coste J, Shojaei T, et al.: Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a comprehensive analysis based on a large case–control, population-based study in France. Am J Epidemiol. 2003. 157(3):185–194

45

Diav-Citrin O, Park YH, Veerasuntharam G, et al.: The safety of mesalamine in human pregnancy: a prospective controlled cohort study. Gastroenterology. 1998. 114(1):23–28

46

Godin PA, Bassil S, Donnez J: An ectopic pregnancy developing in a previous caesarian section scar. Fertil Steril. 1997. 67(2):398–400

47

Rogers JM: Tobacco and pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol. 2009. 28(2):152–160

48

Rein DB, Kassler WJ, Irwin KL, et al.: Direct medical cost of pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequelae: decreasing, but still substantial. Obstet Gynecol. 2000. 95(3):397–402

49

Barnhart K, Mennuti MT, Benjamin I, et al.: Prompt diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in an emergency department setting. Obstet Gynecol. 1994. 84(6);1010–1015

50

Coulam CB: Epidemiology of recurrent spontaneous-abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1991. 26(1):23–27

51

Decherney AH, Diamond MP: Laparoscopic salpingostomy for ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1987. 70(6):948–950

52

Hausknecht RU: Methotrexate and misoprostol to terminate early-pregnancy. New Engl J Med. 1995. 333(9):537–540

53

Ory HW: Ectopic pregnancy and intrauterine contraceptive devices—new perspectives. Obstet Gynecol.1981. 57(2):137–144

54

Timortritsch IE, Monteagudo A, Matera C, et al.: Sonographic evolution of cornual pregnancies treated without surgery. Obstet Gynecol. 1992. 79(6):1044–1049

55

Fernandez H, Rainhorn JD, Papiernik E, Bellet D, Frydman R: Spontaneous resolution of ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1988. 71(2):171–174

56

Asplin BR, Rhodes KV, Levy H, et al.: Insurance status and access to urgent ambulatory care follow-up appointments. JAMA—J Am Med Assoc. 2005. 294(10):1248–1254

57

Critchley HOD, Jones RL, Lea RG, et al.: Role of inflammatory mediators in human endometrium during progesterone withdrawal and early pregnancy. J Clin Endocr Metab. 1999. 84(1):240–248

58

Frates MC, Benson CB, Doubilet PM, et al.: Cervical ectopic pregnancy—results of conservative treatment. Radiology. 1994. 191(3):773–775

59

Marchbanks PA, Annegers JF, Coulam CB, et al.: Risk-factors for ectopic pregnancy—a population-based study. JAMA-J Am Med Assoc. 1988. 259(12):1823–1827

60

Bouyer J, Coste J, Fernandez H, et al.: Sites of ectopic pregnancy: a 10 year population-based study of 1800 cases. Hum Reprod. 2002. 17(12):3224–3230

61

Brunham RC, Binns B, Mcdowell J, et al.: Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women with ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1986. 67(5):722–726

62

Kobayash. M, Hellman LM, Fillisti LP: Ultrasound—an aid in diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1969. 103(8):1131

63

Pisarska MD, Carson SA, Buster JE: Ectopic pregnancy. Lancet. 1998. 351(9109):1115–1120

64

Bradley WG, Fiske CE, Filly RA: The double sac sign of early intrauterine pregnancy—use in exclusion of ectopic pregnancy. Radiology. 1982. 143(1):223–226

65

Glock JL, Johnson JV, Brumsted JR: Efficacy and safety of single-dose systemic methotrexate in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 1994. 62(4):716–721

66

Brown DL, Doubilet PM: Transvaginal sonography for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy—positivity criteria and performance-characteristics. J Ultras Med. 1994. 13(4):259–266

67

Schwartz RO, Dipietro DL: Beta-HCG as a diagnostic-aid for suspected ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1980. 56(2):197–203

68

Garcia AJ, Aubert JM, Sama J, et al.: Expectant management of presumed ectopic pregnancies. Fertil Steril. 1987. 48(3):395–400

69

Aral SO, Mosher WD, Cates W: Vaginal douching among women of reproductive age in the United-States—1988. Am J Public Health. 1992. 82(2):210–214

70

Fleischer AC, Pennell RG, Mckee MS, et al.: Ectopic pregnancy—features at transvaginal sonography. Radiology. 1990. 174(2):375–378

71

Logerotlebrun H, Demouzon J, Bachelot A, et al.: Pregnancies and births resulting from in-vitro fertilization—French National Registry, analysis of data 1986–1990. Fertil Steril. 1995. 64(4):746–756

72

Marcus SF, Brinsden PR: Analysis of the incidence and risk-factors associated with ectopic pregnancy following in-vitro fertilization and embryo-transfer. Hum Reprod. 1995. 10(1):199–203

73

Brumsted J, Kessler C, Gibson C, et al.: A comparison of laparoscopy and laparotomy for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1988. 71(6):889–892

74

Romero R, Kadar N, Jeanty P, et al.: Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy—value of the discriminatory human chorionic-gonadotropin zone. Obstet Gynecol. 1985. 66(3):357–360

75

Decherney AH, Maheaux R, Naftolin F: Salpingostomy for ectopic pregnancy in the sole patent oviduct—reproductive outcome. Fertil Steril. 1982. 37(5):619–622

76

Barnhart KT: Ectopic pregnancy. New Engl J Med. 2009. 361(4):379–387

77

Brenner PF, Roy S, Mishell DR: Ectopic pregnancy—study of 300 consecutive surgically treated cases. JAMA-J Am Med Assoc. 1980. 243(7):673–676

78

Marks WM, Filly RA, Callen PW, et al.: Decidual cast of ectopic pregnancy—confusing ultrasonographic appearance. Radiology. 1979. 133(2):451–454

79

Kaplan BC, Dart RG, Moskos M, et al.: Ectopic pregnancy: prospective study with improved diagnostic accuracy. Ann Emerg Med. 1996. 28(1):10–17

80

Murphy AA, Kettel LM, Nager CW, et al.: Operative laparoscopy versus laparotomy for the management of ectopic pregnancy—a prospective trial. Fertil Steril. 1992. 57(6):1180–1185

81

Sherman D, Langer R, Sadovsky G, et al.: Improved fertility following ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 1982. 37(4):497–502

82

Schumacher A, Brachwitz N, Sohr S, et al.: Human chorionic gonadotropin attracts regulatory T cells into the fetal-maternal interface during early human pregnancy. J Immunol. 2009. 182(9):5488–5497

83

Mol Bwj, Lijmer JG, Ankum WM, et al.: The accuracy of single serum progesterone measurement in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 1998. 13(11):3220–3227

84

Zhang J, Thomas AG, Leybovich E: Vaginal douching and adverse health effects: a meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 1997. 87(7):1207–1211

85

VanVoorhis WC, Barret LK, Sweeney YTC, et al.: Repeated Chlamydia trachomatis infection of Macaca nemestrina fallopian tubes produces a Th1-like cytokine response associated with fibrosis and scarring. Infect Immun. 1997. 65(6):2175–2182

86

Cheginl N, Flanders KC: Presence of transforming growth-factor-beta and their selective cellular-localization in human ovarian tissue of various reproductive stages. Endocrinology. 1992. 130(3):1707–1715

87

Yovich JL, Turner SR, Murphy AJ: Embryo transfer technique as cause of ectopic pregnancies in invitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 1985. 44(3):318–321

88

Peterson HB, Xia ZS, Hughes JM, et al.: The risk of ectopic pregnancy after tubal sterilization. New Engl J Med. 1997. 336(11):762–767

89

Mage G, Pouly JL, Dejoliniere JB, et al.: A preoperative classification to predict the intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy rates after distal tubal microsurgery. Fertil Steril. 1986. 46(5):807–810

90

Fatum M, Rojansky N: Laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2001. 56(1):50–59

91

Fernandez H, Benifla JL, Lelaidier C, et al.: Methotrexate treatment of ectopic pregnancy—100 cases treated by primary transvaginal injection under sonographic control. Fertil Steril. 1993. 59(4):773–777

92

Nyberg DA, Mack LA, Jeffrey RB, et al.: Endovaginal sonographic evaluation of ectopic pregnancy—a prospective-study. Am J Roentgenol. 1987. 149(6):1181–1186

93

Decherney AH, Romero R, Naftolin, F: Surgical-management of unruptured ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 1981. 35(1):21–24

94

Bustillo M, Yee B: Assisted reproductive technology in the United States: 1996 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. Fertil Steril. 1999. 71(5):798–807

95

Lipscomb GH, Bran D, Mccord ML, et al.: Analysis of three hundred fifteen ectopic pregnancies treated with single-dose methotrexate. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998. 178(6):1354–1356

96

Condous G, Okaro E, Khalid A, et al.: The accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy prior to surgery. Hum Reprod. 2005. 20(5):1404–1409

97

Wang HB, Guo Y, Wang, DZ et al.: Aberrant cannabinoid signaling impairs oviductal transport of embryos. Nat Med. 2004. 10(10):1074–1080

98

Zeitz J: Assisted reproductive technology in the United States and Canada: 1995 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. Fertil Steril. 1998. 69(3):389–398

99

Mccord ML, Muram D, Buster, JE et al.: Single serum progesterone as a screen for ectopic pregnancy: exchanging specificity and sensitivity to obtain optimal test performance. Fertil Steril. 1996. 66(4):513–516

100

Kurman RJ: The morphology, biology, and pathology of intermediate trophoblast—a look back to the present. Hum Pathol. 1991. 22(9):847–855