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Table 1 The comparison with exact solution and ADM (Wazwaz 2001)

From: Homotopy perturbation method with Laplace Transform (LT-HPM) for solving Lane–Emden type differential equations (LETDEs)

\(\tau\)

LT-HPM

ADM

Exact

Error (LT-HPM)

Error (ADM)

0.0

1

1

1

0.0

0.0

0.1

1.0100501670842

1.01005017

1.0100501670842

0.0

0.0

0.2

1.0408107741924

1.04081078

1.0408107741924

0.0

1E−9

0.3

1.0941742836956

1.09417428

1.0941742837052

9.6E−12

1E−9

0.4

1.1735108704484

1.17351087

1.1735108709918

5.434E−10

2.3E−8

0.5

1.2840254041884

1.28402542

1.2840254166877

1.24993E−8

3.5E−7

0.6

1.4333292517888

1.43332623

1.4333294145603

1.627715E−7

3.2E−6

0.7

1.6323147871342

1.63229556

1.6323162199554

1.4328212E−6

2.1E−5

0.8

1.8964714019044

1.89637596

1.8964808793049

9.99706E−4

1.1E−4