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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants

From: Effects of air pollution and seasonality on the respiratory symptoms and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) of outpatients with chronic respiratory disease in Ulaanbaatar: pilot study for the comparison of the cold and warm seasons

 

Control

COPD

BA

Statistical analysis

n

27

16

11

Welch’s t test

Age (years, mean ± SD)

55.7 ± 10.4

58.9 ± 8.1

57.8 ± 11.9

N.S.

 [Min–max]

40–76

48–76

41–78

 

Sex [n (%)]

   

χ2-test

 Male

8 (29.6)

9 (56.3)

0 (0.0)

P < 0.01

 Female

19 (70.4)

7 (43.8)

11 (100.0)

 

Smoking status [n (%)]

    

 Current smoker

1 (3.9)

6 (37.5)

0 (0.0)

P < 0.0005

 Ex-smoker

1 (3.9)

4 (25.0)

0 (0.0)

 

 Never smoker

24 (92.3)

6 (37.5)

9 (81.8)

 

 Unknown

1 (3.9)

0 (0.0)

2 (18.2)

 

Occupation [n (%)]

    

 White collar

8 (29.6)

1 (6.3)

0 (0.0)

P < 0.01

 Blue collar

8 (29.6)

1 (6.3)

1 (9.1)

 

 Not in employment

11 (40.7)

14 (87.6)

10 (90.9)

 
  1. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and range between the minimum and maximum values (Min–Max). Categorical variables were presented as the sample number and its percentage (n (%)). Statistical analyses were performed using Welch’s t test for age and χ2-test for categorical variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant
  2. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BA bronchial asthma