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Table 3 Turkey, reference countries and UK pricing and reimbursement methods

From: Comparison of pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement systems in Turkey and certain EU countries

Country

Turkey

France

Greece

Spain

Italy

Portugal

UK

Pricing policy

Statutory pricing

Price negotiation

Statutory pricing

Statutory pricing

Price negotiation

Statutory pricing

Margine control

Direct price controls

Org

Gen

Org

Gen

Org

Gen

Org

Gen

Org

Gen

Org

Gen

Org

Gen

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Reference pricing

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Only for PPRS-excluded medicines

External reference pricing

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Internal reference pricing

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Different pricing for generics

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Price control

All medicines

Only for reimbursed medicines

All medicines

Only for reimbursed medicines

Only for reimbursed medicines

All prescription medicines

Only for medicines in NHS list

Level of price control

Manufacturer price

Manufacturer price

Manufacturer price

Manufacturer price

Manufacturer price

Manufacturer price

NHS list price

Reimbursement catagories

In general 41% and 28% discount. 18% and 10% available for 20 year old medicines and generics generally

Major (65%), moderate (35%), weak (0%)

0, 10 and 25%

100, 90, 60 and 0%

Class A and class H 100%, Clas C and class C-bis 0%

Class A 95%, B 69%, C 37%, D 15%

After PPRS price negotiation 100%

Differences for originals and generics on reimbursement level

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Negative positive list

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Decision taking committees

Reimbursement commission of social security institution (SSI)

Committee of transparancy and economics

Transparancy committee

Inter-ministerial pricing committee

Technical committee under italian medicines agency (AIFA)

Portugal medicines agency

Health department of PPRS