From: Which factor contribute most to empower farmers through e-Agriculture in Bangladesh?
Sub-parameter of empowerment (scoring method) | Empowerment indicator | Study group (changed mean value differences) | Control group (changed mean value differences) | t test value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Economic empowerment | Increased income due to yield obtaining | 0.955 | 0.674 | 3.728** |
Saving money | 1.271 | 0.891 | 6.080** | |
Investments | 1.271 | 0.717 | 5.295** | |
Availing agriculture loans | 1.459 | 0.891 | 4.347** | |
Purchase of farming inputs | 1.248 | 1.217 | 3.162** | |
Sub total | 6.203 | 4.391 | ||
Family and social empowerment | Developing institutional contact | 0.977 | 0.717 | 2.789** |
Linkage with developing departments | 0.895 | 0.652 | 1.848 | |
Team spirit | 1.105 | 0.761 | 6.514** | |
Leadership quality | 1.218 | 0.869 | 3.919** | |
Group consensus to solve problem | 1.293 | 0.783 | 5.449** | |
Sub total | 5.488 | 3.781 | ||
Political empowerment | Participation in social well-being activities | 0.744 | 0.608 | 2.874** |
Membership in the social organization | 0.406 | 0.456 | 0.724 | |
Freedom of expression | 1.188 | 0.761 | 4.023** | |
Conflict management | 1.218 | 0.826 | 2.874** | |
Sub total | 3.556 | 2.652 | ||
Knowledge empowerment | Use of machineries and equipments | 0.939 | 0.522 | 4.933** |
Knowledge on value addition | 1.195 | 0.783 | 4.739** | |
Adoption of IPM practices | 1.316 | 0.848 | 4.392** | |
Adoption of INM practices | 1.188 | 1.217 | 2.031 | |
Adoption of IWM practices | 1.226 | 0.957 | 3.511** | |
Sub total | 5.864 | 4.326 | ||
Psychological empowerment | Motivation in farming | 0.939 | 0.587 | 3.697** |
Self esteem | 1.015 | 0.739 | 4.057** | |
Risk taking ability | 1.181 | 0.935 | 3.500** | |
Confidence | 1.218 | 0.869 | 3.748** | |
Decision making ability | 1.105 | 1.131 | 0.553 | |
Sub total | 5.458 | 4.261 | ||
Total | 26.569 | 19.411 |