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Table 3 Distribution of study group and control group respondents’ level of empowerment based on their changed value

From: Which factor contribute most to empower farmers through e-Agriculture in Bangladesh?

Sub-parameter of empowerment (scoring method)

Empowerment indicator

Study group (changed mean value differences)

Control group (changed mean value differences)

t test value

Economic empowerment

Increased income due to yield obtaining

0.955

0.674

3.728**

Saving money

1.271

0.891

6.080**

Investments

1.271

0.717

5.295**

Availing agriculture loans

1.459

0.891

4.347**

Purchase of farming inputs

1.248

1.217

3.162**

Sub total

 

6.203

4.391

 

 Family and social empowerment

Developing institutional contact

0.977

0.717

2.789**

Linkage with developing departments

0.895

0.652

1.848

Team spirit

1.105

0.761

6.514**

Leadership quality

1.218

0.869

3.919**

Group consensus to solve problem

1.293

0.783

5.449**

Sub total

 

5.488

3.781

 

 Political empowerment

Participation in social well-being activities

0.744

0.608

2.874**

Membership in the social organization

0.406

0.456

0.724

Freedom of expression

1.188

0.761

4.023**

Conflict management

1.218

0.826

2.874**

Sub total

 

3.556

2.652

 

 Knowledge empowerment

Use of machineries and equipments

0.939

0.522

4.933**

Knowledge on value addition

1.195

0.783

4.739**

Adoption of IPM practices

1.316

0.848

4.392**

Adoption of INM practices

1.188

1.217

2.031

Adoption of IWM practices

1.226

0.957

3.511**

Sub total

 

5.864

4.326

 

 Psychological empowerment

Motivation in farming

0.939

0.587

3.697**

Self esteem

1.015

0.739

4.057**

Risk taking ability

1.181

0.935

3.500**

Confidence

1.218

0.869

3.748**

Decision making ability

1.105

1.131

0.553

Sub total

 

5.458

4.261

 

Total

 

26.569

19.411

 
  1. ** Significance at the level of 1 % (t-value)