Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the patients with or without disease flare within one year from enrollment
Disease flare (−) | Disease flare (+) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
(N = 85) | (N = 51) | ||
Age (years) | 43.3 ± 17.2 | 41.8 ± 18.9 | 0.62 |
Male sex (%) | 52.9 | 54.9 | 0.86 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.5 ± 3.0 | 21.4 ± 3.3 | 0.85 |
Alcohol drinking (%) | 25.9 | 31.7 | 0.43 |
Smoking (%) | 9.4 | 13.7 | 0.57 |
Caffeine intake (%) | 47.1 | 51.0 | 0.72 |
IBD type | |||
UC | 62.4 | 68.6 | 0.58 |
CD | 37.6 | 31.4 | |
Disease duration (years) | 10.7 ± 7.5 | 12.5 ± 10.2 | 0.29 |
Active disease (%) | 11.8 | 23.5 | 0.09 |
Prior IBD surgery (%) | 48.2 | 52.9 | 0.72 |
Medication used | |||
Steroids (%) | 3.5 | 3.9 | 1.00 |
5-aminosalicylates (%) | 75.3 | 84.3 | 0.28 |
Immunomodulators (%) | 23.5 | 19.6 | 0.67 |
Anti-TNF biologics (%) | 29.4 | 19.6 | 0.23 |
Sleep medications (%) | 8.2 | 19.6 | 0.06 |
Sleep disturbances (%) | 34.1 | 60.8 | <0.01 |