Table 2 Characteristics and differences instructional and transformational leadership
From: Linking educational leadership styles to the HR architecture for new teachers in primary education
| Â | Instructional leadership | Transformational leadership |
|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Defining the school mission Framing clear school goals Communicating clear school goals Managing the instructional program Supervision and evaluating instruction Coordinating curriculum Monitoring student progress Creating a positive school learning climate Protecting instructional time Promoting professional development Maintain high visibility Providing incentives for teachers Providing incentives for learning | Individualised support Vision Shared goals Intellectual stimulation Culture building Rewards High expectations Modeling |
Differences | Top-down focus on approach to school improvement First-order target for change Managerial or transactional relationship to staff | Bottom-up focus on approach to school improvement Second-order target for change Transformational relationship to staff |