Table 1 General information and reports on evidence of biological activities and chemistry of the studied plants
Species (family); voucher numbera | Traditional uses | Parts used (%yield)b | Bioactive or potentially bioactive components | Bioactivity of crude extract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Alchornea floribunda Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) 4595/HNC | Treatment of bacterial and parasitic infections, painful urination in children (Adjanohoun et al. 1996; Jiofack et al. 2009), urinary, respiratory and intestinal problems, pains in the heart, diarrhoea, ovarian problems, stomach ailments and intestinal disorders (Siwe Noundou et al. 2014), trypanosomiasis, urinary, respiratory and intestinal disorders (Musuyu Muganza et al. 2012; Mesia et al. 2008), inflammation (Okoye et al. 2011) | Bark (18.91 %) and leaves (4.56 %) | Eugenol, cadinol, nanocosaine, ethyl iso-allocholate, 3-acetoxy-7,8-epoxylanostan-1-ol (Okoye et al. 2011) | Antibacterial activities of crude against Bc, Ef, Ec, Sa, Kp, Mc, Pm, Ss (Siwe Noundou et al. 2014); topical anti-inflammatory effects (Okoye et al. 2011) |
Annona muricata Lin. (Annonaceae); 18681/SRF/Cam | Treatment of wounds and insomnia; antiparasitic, insecticidal (Rajeswari 2012) | Leaves (4.50Â %), seeds (9.15Â %), pericarp (5.17Â %) | Epomuricenins-A and B, montecristin, cohibins-A and B, muridienins-1 and 2, muridienins-3 and 4, muricadienin and chatenaytrienins-1, 2 and 3 and sabadelin, murihexol, donhexocin, annonacin A and Annonacin B (Rajeswari 2012) | Antimicrobial activities of aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts against Sa, Vc, Ec, Se, Lv and On (Vieira et al. 2010) and Pv, Sp, Bs, St, Kp, Ea (Rajeswari 2012), Lb, Lp, Hv (Rajeswari 2012), Ec, Ea, Kp, Ps (Dzotam et al. 2015) |
Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. (Burceraceae); 16929/SRF/Cam | Treatment of malaria, constipation, diarrhea, rheumatism and sexually transmitted diseases (Koudou et al. 2005) | Fruits (0.78Â %) | Saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoids and steroids (Ngbede et al. 2008) | Antimicrobial activities of EO against Bc, Ef, Ec, Li, Se, Sd, Sa, Pm, Sc and Ca (Obame et al. 2007) |
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (Araceae); 42352/HNC | Treatment scorpion and snake bite (Nakade et al. 2013), infectious diseases (Dzotam et al. 2015) | Leaves (6.25Â %) | Quinones, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides and steroids (Nakade et al. 2013) | Antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate extract against St, Kp, Pa, Sp, Bs, Pv, Ec (Nakade et al. 2013) aqueous and methanolic extracts: (Q) Vspp (Lee et al. 2010) |
Euphorbia prostata W. Ait. (Euphorbiaceae) 33585/HNC | Treatment of bronchial ashma, diarrhea, skin diseases (Shrama and Tripathi 1983) | Whole plant (13.82Â %) | Flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acid; gallic acid, apigenin, luteolin (Gupta 2011) | Crude extract has cardiac depresent and hypotensive actions (Shrama and Tripathi 1983), showed effects on early grades of hemorrhoids (Gupta 2011) |
Hibiscus esculentusL. (Tiliaceae); 8537/SRF/Cam | Treatment of cancer, inflammation, ulcer, analgesic, hyperglycemia (Daly 1997; Uraku et al. 2010) | Fruits (2.98Â %) | Alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenes, sterols (Dzotam et al. 2015) | Antimicrobial activities of crude extract on St, Shigella and Ec, Ea, Kp, Ps (Dzotam et al. 2015; Nwaiwu et al. 2012) |
Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae); 49178/HNC | Treatment of cancer, dental caries, syphilis, typhoid, diarrhea, epilepsy (Fuglie 1999), fever, HIV-AIDS (Abrams et al. 1993) | Leaves (3.95 %) | 4-(4′-O-acetyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzylisothiocyanate, 4-(-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzylisothiocyanate, niazimicin, pterygospermin, benzylisothiocyanate and 4-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzylglucosinolate (Fahey 2005) | Antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of seeds against Sa, Vc, Ec, Se, Lv and On (Viera et al. 2010) |
Pachypodanthium staudtii Engl & Diels (Annonaceae), 23170 SFR/Cam | Treatment of cancer, Chest pain (Irvine 1961); bronchitis (Bouquet and Debray 1974) and oedema (Ngadjui et al. 1989). | Leaves (10 %), bark (9.4 %) and roots (6.25 %) | Pachypodol, 2,4,5-Trimethoxystyrene, Pachypophyllin, pachypostaudins A and B (Ngadjui et al. 1989); Sabinene, β-elemene, E-β-caryophyllene, β-selinene, β-bisabolene, δ-cadinene, 2,4,5-trimethoxy-1-vinylbenzene (Yapi et al. 2012). | Methanol extract against Ec, Ea, Ecl, Kp, Ps (Fankam et al. 2014) |
Passiflora edulis Sims (Passifloraceae); 65104/HNC | Treatment of cancer, fungal infections, inflammation, insomnia and anxiety, antihypertensive (Ichimura et al. 2006), gastric trouble (Silva et al. 2006), antioxidant (Kannan et al. 2011) | Fruit (3.92Â %); fruit pericarp (2.73Â %) | Ionone-I, ionone-II, megastigma-5,8-dien-4-1, megastigma-5,8(Z)-diene-4-1, 4,4a-Epoxy-4, 4a-dihydroedulan, 3-hydroxyedulan, edulan-I, edulan-II, passifloric acid methyl ester (Kannan et al. 2011) | Antimicrobial activities of methanol extract against Ec, Kp, Ea, Pa, Ps, Sa, Ef, Bs, Ec, Pv and St (Kannan et al. 2011) |
Triumphetta pentandra A.Rich. (Tiliaceae); 9014/SRF/Cam | Induce fertility and implantation of the fetus (Okoli et al. 2007; Ngondi et al. 2005), treat infectious diseases (Dzotam et al. 2015) | Leaves (5.50 %) | Triumfettamide, triumfettoside, heptadecanoic acid, β-sitosterol glucopyranoside, friedeline, lupeol, betuline, maslinic acid, 2-hydroxyoleanolicacid and the mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (Sandjo et al. 2008; Sandjo and Kuete 2013) | Antimicrobial activities of methanol extract against Ec, Ea, Kp, Ps (Dzotam et al. 2015) |
Xanthosoma mafaffa (L.) Schott (Araceae); 18675/SRF/Cam | Treatment of infectious diseases; osteoporosis (Dzotam et al. 2016; Cancer in Africa 2012) | Leaves (4.30Â %) | Polyphenols, coumarins, tannins, triterpenes, sterols, saponins (Dzotam et al. 2016) | Antimicrobial activities of methanol extract against Ec, Ea, Kp (Dzotam et al. 2016) |