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Table 1 Plackett–Burman design for shake flask optimization

From: Statistical optimization for enhanced yields of probiotic Bacillus coagulans and its phage resistant mutants followed by kinetic modelling of the process

Runs

Variables

Response (biomass—g/l)

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

B. coagulans

Mutant B. co PIII

Mutant B. co MIII

Act.

Pred.

Act.

Pred.

Act.

Pred.

1

−1

+1

+1

−1

+1

−1

+1

−1

3.58

3.585

3.89

4.293

2.89

2.843

2

−1

−1

+1

−1

+1

−1

−1

+1

3.57

3.862

3.03

3.535

2.21

2.243

3

+1

+1

−1

+1

+1

−1

−1

−1

2.95

3.198

3.89

4.183

2.52

2.400

4

+1

−1

−1

−1

+1

+1

+1

+1

2.75

2.720

2.61

3.425

2.07

2.297

5

+1

+1

−1

−1

−1

−1

−1

+1

4.52

4.542

4.12

4.183

2.75

2.837

6

−1

−1

−1

−1

−1

+1

−1

−1

2.37

2.13

2.41

2.303

2.37

2.157

7

+1

−1

+1

+1

+1

+1

−1

−1

5.35

5.043

5.1

4.657

3.41

3.317

8

+1

−1

+1

+1

−1

−1

+1

+1

4.8

4.877

4.91

4.657

3.23

3.257

9

+1

+1

+1

−1

−1

+1

+1

−1

6.12

6.110

5.89

5.415

4.48

4.353

10

−1

−1

−1

+1

−1

−1

+1

−1

2.67

2.882

2.82

2.303

1.64

1.660

11

−1

+1

+1

+1

−1

+1

−1

+1

4.23

4.173

4.03

4.293

3.57

3.777

12

−1

+1

−1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

2.98

2.772

3.61

3.062

2.32

2.320

  1. The variable codes and their lower (−1) and higher (+1) values are as follows: A: glucose concentration—10 and 30 g/l, B: C/N ratio—20 and 40, C: agitation—150 and 250 rpm, D: temperature—30 and 40 °C, E: pH—5.5–7.5; F: mineral concentration—1× and 5×, G: inoculum size—5 and 10 % and age of seed—18 and 24 h, Act.: experimental data, Pred.: response predicted by model, responses are average of three values