The protective effect of procyanidin against LPS-induced acute gut injury by the regulations of oxidative state

SpringerPlus

Table 3 Effects of dietary PCA on intestinal mucosal morphology of LPS-induced oxidative stress broilers fed 1 to 21 days age

Items	LPS (−)				LPS (+)				P values
Items	Control	PCA1	PCA2	PCA3	Control	PCA1	PCA2	PCA3	Diet	Stress	Interaction
Jejunum
Villus height (μm)	955. 7 ± 32.74^a	1004.96 ± 40.21^b	1049.53 ± 35.42^b	1062.35 ± 30.74^b	652.65 ± 20.34^c	885.34 ± 24.37^a	899.05 ± 26.37^a	923.58 ± 25.37^a	0.012	0.017	0.001
Crypt depth (μm)	153.00 ± 22.34	144.17 ± 20.41	148.62 ± 23.37	147.98 ± 21.03	183.91 ± 25.34	188.64 ± 26.41	186.30 ± 28.37	200.77 ± 29.31	0.045	0.023	0.035
Villus height : Crypt depth	6.25 ± 2.31^a	6.97 ± 2.14^b	7.06 ± 3.01^b	7.18 ± 4.01^b	3.55 ± 1.24^c	4.69 ± 1.45^a	4.83 ± 2.01^a	4.60 ± 1.99^a	0.011	0.020	0.018
Ileum
Villus height(μm)	817.83 ± 21.11^a	849.32 ± 22.03^b	870.67 ± 24.13^b	868.70 ± 20.19^b	720.92 ± 19.42^a	693.74 ± 20.31^a	718.18 ± 21.17^a	753.24 ± 18.64^a	0.040	0.026	0.035
Crypt depth (μm)	131.09 ± 15.38^b	128.47 ± 16.41^b	125.06 ± 14.37^b	126.42 ± 16.01^b	168.47 ± 16.74^a	158.35 ± 15.48^a	146.02 ± 16.21^b	142.74 ± 14.27^b	0.006	0.004	0.572
Villus height : Crypt depth	6.24 ± 0.86^b	6.61 ± 1.04^b	6.96 ± 0.91^b	6.87 ± 0.95^b	4.28 ± 1.12^a	4.38 ± 0.98^a	4.92 ± 1.17^c	5.28 ± 0.88^a	0.009	0.031	0.766

Data represent means from 6 replicates per treatment
The P values represent the main effect of the diet, the main effect of LPS challenge and the interaction between the dietary treatments and LPS challenge
^a, ^b, ^c Least-square mean values (n 6) within a row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (P < 0.05)
LPS (−) Dietary treatment were abdominal injections sterile saline (0.5 mg/kg body weigh); LPS (+) Dietary treatment were abdominal injections LPS (0.5 mg/kg body weight); Control Basal diet; PCA1 Basal diet supplemented with 0.05 % PCA; PCA2 Basal diet supplemented with 0.075 % PCA; PCA3 Basal diet supplemented with 0.1 % PCA