Table 3 Triclosan concentrations in aquatic systems
From: Triclosan in water, implications for human and environmental health
Source | Concentration (nM) | References |
|---|---|---|
Surface water | ||
Natural streams/rivers | nd–7.9 | Ying et al. (2007) |
0.26 | Halden and Paul (2005) | |
Streams with input of raw wastewater | 5.5 | Fair et al. (2009) |
Ebro basin (Spain) | nd–0.98 | Kantiani et al. (2008) |
Danshuei River (Taiwan) | 0.015–0.036 | Shen et al. (2012) |
River (SouthWest Spain) | 0.25 ± 0.0017 | Pintado-Herrera et al. (2014) |
Sea (SouthWest Spain) | 0.23 ± 0.0034 | Pintado-Herrera et al. (2014) |
Undergroundwater (boreholes/wells) | ||
South West Spain | 0.23 ± 0.0035 | Pintado-Herrera et al. (2014) |
Kabwe, Zambia | 6.9 × 10−5–1.0 × 10−4 | Sorensen et al. (2015) |
West Texas USA | nd–0.18 | Karnjanapiboonwong et al. (2011) |
Wastewater-treatment plants | ||
Treated wastewater (Midlands, UK) | Mean 0.25–1.51 | Chi et al. (2013) |
Influent (USA) | 6.91–10.36 | Anumol and Snyder (2015) |
Final effluents (USA) | 0.044–0.097 | Anumol and Snyder (2015) |
Effluent (South West Spain) | 0.33 ± 0.028 | Pintado-Herrera et al. (2014) |