Table 2 Water quality parameters of the natural water (Mambang Diawan) and three fish farms (Lawan Kuda, Simpang Pulai and Temoh) in Perak
Water parameters | Locations of sampling | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mambang Diawan (Mean ± SD) | Lawan Kuda (Mean ± SD) | Simpang Pulai (Mean ± SD) | Temoh (Mean ± SD) | |
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) | 7.76 ± 2.48 | 6.80 ± 0.69 | 7.55 ± 1.02 | 8.72 ± 0.64 |
pH | 6.90 ± 0.51 | 7.65 ± 0.22 | 7.12 ± 0.38 | 6.53 ± 0.25 |
Temperature (°C) | 25.90 ± 0.14 | 26.80 ± 0.88 | 26.30 ± 1.04 | 26.73 ± 0.25 |
Ammonia, NH3-N (mg/L) | 0.15 ± 0.06 | 0.60 ± 0.00 | 0.35 ± 0.18 | 0.42 ± 0.18 |
Nitrite, NO —2 N (mg/L) | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00 |
Nitrate, NO3 −-N (mg/L) | 1.30 ± 0.00 | 0.90 ± 0.34 | 1.29 ± 0.34 | 1.50 ± 0.44 |