Table 3 Top 10 export markets and their concentration rates for Turkey and Sakarya in selected years.
From: Measuring the globalization of cities from the new regionalism perspective
CR | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Share (%) | CR (%) | Country | Share (%) | CR (%) | Country | Share (%) | CR (%) | Country | Share (%) | CR (%) | |
Turkey | ||||||||||||
CR1 | Germany | 16.2 | 16.2 | Germany | 11.3 | 11.32 | Germany | 10 | 10.0 | Germany | 9.61 | 9.6 |
CR2 | USA | 9.31 | 25.5 | UK | 7.9 | 19.29 | UK | 6.3 | 16.4 | Iraq | 6.91 | 16.5 |
CR3 | UK | 8.39 | 33.9 | Italy | 7.8 | 27.19 | Italy | 5.7 | 22.1 | UK | 6.28 | 22.0 |
CR4 | Italy | 6.59 | 40.5 | USA | 5.9 | 33.1 | France | 5.3 | 27.4 | Italy | 4.53 | 27.3 |
CR5 | France | 5.92 | 46.4 | France | 5.3 | 38.49 | Iraq | 5.3 | 32.7 | France | 4.1 | 31.4 |
CR6 | Russia | 3.25 | 49.7 | Spain | 4.3 | 42.83 | Russia | 4.0 | 36.8 | USA | 4.02 | 35.4 |
CR7 | Spain | 3.12 | 52.8 | Russia | 3.7 | 46.62 | USA | 3.3 | 40.1 | Russia | 3.77 | 39.2 |
CR8 | Neth. | 2.93 | 55.7 | Iraq | 3.0 | 49.65 | Spain | 3.1 | 43.2 | Spain | 3.01 | 42.2 |
CR9 | Israel | 2.39 | 58.1 | Neth. | 2.9 | 52.62 | UAE | 2.9 | 46.1 | UAE | 2.95 | 45.2 |
CR10 | Belgium | 1.9 | 60.0 | Romania | 2.7 | 55.3 | Iran | 2.6 | 48.4 | Iran | 2.4 | 47.6 |
Sakarya | ||||||||||||
CR1 | Israel | 13.8 | 13.8 | Germany | 15.6 | 15.6 | Germany | 18.6 | 18.6 | Russia | 13.1 | 13.1 |
CR2 | Germany | 9.5 | 23.3 | France | 10.5 | 26.2 | Spain | 12.8 | 31.4 | Israel | 9.4 | 22.5 |
CR3 | Finland | 8.4 | 31.7 | Spain | 9 | 35.2 | France | 8.4 | 39.7 | Germany | 7.8 | 30.4 |
CR4 | Ireland | 7.5 | 39.2 | Russia | 6.7 | 41.9 | UK | 8.4 | 48.1 | UK | 7.5 | 37.9 |
CR5 | Italy | 7 | 46.3 | UK | 6.7 | 48.6 | Sweden | 5.9 | 54 | France | 6.6 | 44.5 |
CR6 | Poland | 5.8 | 52.1 | Italy | 5.1 | 53.7 | Italy | 4.8 | 58.8 | Belgium | 6.2 | 50.7 |
CR7 | Russia | 4.3 | 56.4 | Finland | 4.2 | 57.9 | Belgium | 4.1 | 62.9 | Egypt | 4.9 | 55.5 |
CR8 | Azerb. | 3.8 | 60.1 | Belgium | 4.1 | 62 | Poland | 3.7 | 66.6 | Spain | 4.7 | 60.3 |
CR9 | Portugal | 3.4 | 63.5 | Neth. | 4.1 | 66.1 | Russia | 3.6 | 70.2 | Poland | 4.6 | 64.9 |
CR10 | Spain | 2.5 | 66 | Denmark | 2.7 | 68.8 | Switzer. | 2.8 | 73 | Sweden | 4.3 | 69.1 |