Increased migraine risk in osteoporosis patients: a nationwide population-based study

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Table 2 Incidence and hazard ratios of migraine by demographic characteristics and comorbidity among patients with or without osteoporosis

Variables	Patients with osteoporosis			Patients without osteoporosis			Compared to non- osteoporosis
Variables	Migraine	PYs	Rate	Migraine	PYs	Rate	CrudeHR^a (95 % CI)	Adjusted HR^a (95 % CI)
Overall	1110	324,126.20	3.42	751	604,550.99	1.24	2.48 (2.25–2.73)^c	1.37 (1.23–1.51)^c
Gender
Men	104	45,604.93	2.28	78	106,313.43	0.73	2.80 (2.04–3.85)^c	1.66 (1.19–2.31)^d
Women	1006	278,521.27	3.61	573	498,237.56	1.35	2.39 (2.17–2.66)^c	1.34 (1.19–1.49)^c
Stratify by age
20–49	252	64,474.34	3.91	130	109,506.02	1.19	2.97 (2.39–3.68)^c	1.46 (1.17–1.82)^c
≥50	858	259,651.83	3.30	621	495,044.97	1.25	2.37 (2.12–2.64)^c	1.34 (1.20–1.50)^c
Comorbidity^b
No	19	20,949.87	0.91	43	127,923.68	0.34	2.41 (1.40–4.14)^e	1.78 (1.03–3.06)^f
Yes	1091	303,176.33	3.59	708	476,627.31	1.49	2.18 (1.97–2.41)^c	1.34 (1.22–1.49)^c

PYs person-years, Rate incidence rate in per 1000 person-years, 95 % CI 95 % confidence interval, HR hazard ratio
^aModel adjusted for age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index and relevant comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, depression, asthma, allergic rhinitis, psoriasis, obesity, tobacco use disorder and alcohol attributed disease)
^bPatients with any examined comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, depression, asthma, allergic rhinitis, psoriasis, obesity, tobacco use disorder and alcohol attributed disease, were classified as the comorbidity group
^cP < 0.001
^dP = 0.003
^eP = 0.001
^fP = 0.037