Cost–effectiveness of apixaban and warfarin in the prevention of thromboembolic complications among atrial fibrillation patients

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Table 3 Applied average Finnish health state costs (year 2014 values) and quality of life values

Model state	Cost, €	EQ-5D-3L score (n = 5690)
Atrial fibrillation		0.743^a
Monitoring visit (warfarin only)	38.39^b
Routine care, GP visit	116.82^c
Ischemic stroke
Mild		−0.087
Acute Care, per episode	4429.23
Long-term maintenance, per month	0
Moderate		−0.198
Acute Care, per episode	7526.19
Long-term maintenance, per month	943.31
Severe		−0.644
Acute Care, per episode	7532.07
Long-term maintenance, per month	4293.22
Fatal	5338.33
Haemorrhagic stroke
Mild		−0.071
Acute Care, per episode	2628.91
Long-term maintenance, per month	2429.02
Moderate		−0.352
Acute Care, per episode	9218.05
Long-term maintenance, per month	2128.67
Severe		−0.578
Acute Care, per episode	9399.58
Long-term maintenance, per month	3722.89
Fatal	5564.97
Systemic embolism		−0.084
Acute Care, per episode	2072.39
Long-term maintenance, per month	104.08
Other intracranial bleeds, per episode	4257.04	−0.168^d
Other major bleeds	−0.168^e
GI bleeds, per episode	3448.80
Non-GI bleeds, per episode	3448.80
Clinically relevant non-major bleeds	2006.51	−0.0582^f
Myocardial infarction		−0.005
Acute Care, per episode	5316.31
Long-term maintenance, per month	525.00

^aIn the regression model the constant term was 1.068, the disutility associated with AF was −0.045, and the decrease in QoL per year of age was −0.004. As a result, the QoL in AF state equals 0.743 (=1.068 − 0.004 × 70 − 0.045, where 70 is the average age of patients)
^bHallinen et al. (2006, 2012a, b)
^cGP-visit at primary health care (Kapiainen et al. 2014)
^dDisutility applied for 6 weeks
^eAssumed to be equal to other intracranial bleeds. Disutility applied for 14 days
^fSullivan et al. (2011). Disutility applied for 2 days