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Table 1 General characteristics of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter isolated from hospitalized patients and environment at Mulago Hospital in Kampala Uganda, 2007–2009

From: Carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda (2007–2009)

Species

Hospitalized patients (%)

Environment (%)

# isolates (%)

P. aeruginosa

42/869 (5 %)

46/80 (58 %)

88 (69 %)

A. baumannii

29/869 (3 %)

11/80 (14 %)

40 (31 %)

Total

71/869 (8 %)

57/80 (71 %)

128

Carbapenem resistance

 P. aeruginosa

10/42 (24 %)

15/46 (33 %)

25/88 (28 %)

 A. baumannii

9/29 (31 %)

6/11 (55 %)

15/40 (38 %)

 Subtotal

19/71 (27 %)

21/57 (37 %)

40/128 (31 %)

Multidrug resistance

 P. aeruginosa

34/42 (81 %)

25/46 (54 %)

59/88 (67 %)

 A. baumannii

18/29 (62 %)

6/11 (55 %)

24/40 (60 %)

 Subtotal

52/71 (73 %)

31/57 (54 %)

83/128 (65 %)

Metallo-β-carbapenemase genes

 P. aeruginosa

9/10 (90 %)

9/15 (60 %)

18/25 (72 %)

 A. baumannii

1/9 (11 %)

1/6 (17 %)

2/15 (13 %)

 Subtotal

10/19 (53 %)

10/21 (48 %)

20/40 (50 %)

OXA-carbapenemase genes

 P. aeruginosa

0

0

0

 A. baumannii a

7/9 (78 %)

5/6 (83 %)

12/15 (80 %)

Class 1 integronsb

 P. aeruginosa

13/42 (31 %)

20/46 (43 %)

33/88 (38 %)

 A. baumannii

13/29 (45 %)

2/11 (18 %)

15/40 (38 %)

 Subtotal

26/71 (37 %)

22/57 (39 %)

48/128 (38 %)

  1. aRestricted to only carbapenem-resistant isolates; excludes bla OXA51 intrinsic to A. baumannii
  2. bGene cassettes found in class 1 integrons: aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase ant(4′)-IIb (3 isolates); trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase dfrA (2 isolates); adenyltransferase aadAB (3 isolates); QacE delta1 multidrug exporter (2 isolates); quinolone resistance pentapeptide repeat protein qnr (1 isolate); and metallo-β-lactamase genes bla VIM-4-like, bla IMP-19-like, bla IMP-26-like (1 isolate each). Other genes detected were putative glucose dehydrogenase precursor and hypothetical genes common in A. baumannii class 1 integrons (3 isolates); non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (pyoverdine sidechain peptide synthetase) (1 isolate) in P. aeruginosa (see Additional file 1: Table S1)