Motivation, students’ needs and learning outcomes: a hybrid game-based app for enhanced language learning

SpringerPlus

Table 3 Average pre-test and post-test scores

	Maximum score	Pre-test Average	Pre-test Std dev	Post-test average	Post-test Std dev	Average gain	Gain Std. dev.
Pre-test/post-test total	100	18.38	10.92	75.52	14.42	57.14	13.15
Vocabulary total	50	9.49	5.83	42.76	6.82	33.27	6.82
Grammar total	50	8.89	5.70	32.76	8.86	23.87	7.99
Exercise 1 total	20	2.77	2.16	15.26	3.71	12.49	3.65
Exercise 1.V	10	1.33	1.11	8.47	1.59	7.13	1.59
Exercise 1.G	10	1.44	1.20	6.79	2.34	5.35	2.35
Exercise 2 total	20	4.04	2.97	10.92	3.64	6.88	3.76
Exercise 2.V	10	3.45	2.41	8.07	2.76	4.62	3.51
Exercise 2.G	10	0.59	1.46	2.86	2.99	2.27	2.72
Exercise 3 total	20	6.03	3.25	18.82	2.53	12.79	3.95
Exercise 3.V	10	2.04	1.59	9.29	1.37	7.25	1.99
Exercise 3.G	10	3.99	2.20	9.53	1.31	5.54	2.45