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Table 3 Measures of complexity for essays in the pre-test and the post-test

From: The effects of data-driven learning activities on EFL learners’ writing development

Group

Complexity

Test

N

M

SD

95 % confidence interval of the difference

t

Sig.(2-tailed)

Lower

Upper

Ex.

TTR

Pre-test

26

5.5104

0.8483

−0.6384

0.4630

−0.328

0.746

Post-test

26

5.5981

0.8662

    

C/T

Pre-test

26

1.6258

0.3561

−0.2433

0.9328

−0.918

0.367

Post-test

26

1.7008

0.2446

    
  1. TTR type–token ratio (word types per square root of two times the words), C/T clauses/T-units