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Table 1 Patient’s characteristics

From: Is there any role for topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of mild to moderate musculoskeletal pain in a Lebanese community pharmacy?

Characteristic

Value

Age (years)

 

 Mean ± SD (range)—years

40.7 ± 15.96 (12–92)

Gender—no. (%)

 

 Male

72 (48)

 Female

77 (52)

Severity of pain—no. (%)

 

 Mild

33 (22)

 Moderate

116 (78)

Duration of pain—no. (%)

 

 Acute

100 (67)

 Sub-acute

37 (25)

 Chronic

12 (8)

Co-morbid diseases—no. (%)

 

 Hypertension

45 (30)

 CAD

23 (15)

 Diabetes

12 (8)

 PUD

12 (8)

Concomitant medications with NSAIDs—no. (%)

 

 Anti-hypertensives

49 (33)

 PPIs

34 (23)

 Anti-lipidemics

24 (16)

 Anti-diabetics

13 (9)

Concomitant analgesics with NSAIDs—no. (%)

 

 Muscle relaxant

20 (13.5)

  Topical group

7 (35)

  Systemic group

11(55)

  Combination group

2 (10)

 Acetaminophen

12 (12.5)

  Topical group

9 (75)

  Systemic group

1 (9)

  Combination group

2 (16)

 Vitamin B complex

7 (5)

  Topical group

0 (0)

  Systemic group

2 (29)

  Combination group

5 (71)

Sites of pain—no. (%)

 

 Back

42 (28)

 Shoulder

27 (18)

 Multiple sites*

21 (14)

 Legs

15 (10)

 Neck

13 (9)

 Ankle

12 (8)

 Hands

6 (4)

 Knees

6 (4)

 Fingers

4 (3)

 Elbow

3 (2)

Used NSAIDs agents—no. (%)

 

 Diclofenac

76 (51)

 Ketoprofen

45 (30)

 Aceclofenac

37 (25)

 Naproxen

18 (12)

 Piroxicam

4 (2)

 Etoricoxib

1 (0.5)

  1. Mild pain category included all patients with NRS 1–3; Moderate pain category included all patients with NRS 4–6
  2. Acute pain: <6 weeks of symptoms, sub-acute pain: 7–12 weeks of symptoms, chronic pain: >12 weeks of symptoms
  3. Anti-hypertensives included ACE inhibitors, CCBs, beta-blockers; PPIs included: omperazole, lanzoprazole and esomeprazole
  4. Anti-lipidemics included statins and fibrates; anti-diabetics included sulfonylureas, metformin and insulin
  5. Muscle relaxant included orphenadrine, chlorzoxazone and magnesium supplements
  6. no. number, % percentage, SD standard deviation, CAD coronary artery disease, PUD peptic ulcer disease, PPI proton pump inhibitor
  7. * Multiple sites variable is defined as involvement of 2 or more sites of pain