Socio-economic characterisation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) growers and date value chains in Pakistan

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Table 7 Key characteristics of major variables distinguished by 170 date palm growers in four provinces (Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, and Baluchistan) of Pakistan interviewed during 2012–2013

Variable	Punjab date palm grower (n = 60)	KPK date palm grower (n = 20)	Baluchistan date palm grower (n = 50)	Sindh date palm grower (n = 40)	P*
Transport expenditure (US$)	516 ± 430.14	100 ± 0.510	139 ± 107.264	2769 ± 2001	≤0.096
Storage expenditure (US$)	48 ± 0	15 ± 0	500 ± 92.231	601 ± 132	≤0.088
Annual sale (US$)	317 ± 1158	10304 ± 8036	2123 ± 1523	24115 ± 6312	≤0.001
Mature date palms	74 ± 194	385 ± 360	175 ± 64	1216 ± 562	≤0.001
Yield (number of bunches date palm⁻¹)	12 ± 1.671	13 ± 1.261	17 ± 2.255	16 ± 2.554	≤0.124
Weight of bunch (kg)	6 ± 1.098	15 ± 1.341	11.48 ± 1.265	14 ± 1.918	≤0.093
Price of fresh date kg⁻¹ (US$)	0.701 ± 0.51	2.48 ± 0.51	0.841 ± 0.301	0.871 ± 0.23	≤0.402
Price of dried date kg⁻¹ (US$)	0.961 ± 0	0 ± 0	0.691 ± 0.261	0.591 ± 0.101	≤0.322
Price of chuhara kg⁻¹ (US$)	0.916 ± 1.311	2.181 ± 0.591	1.531 ± 0.061	0.531 ± 0.181	≤0.191