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Table 4 Effect of crop diversification on productivity, income and food security in Zimbabwe

From: Crop diversification and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe: adaptive management for environmental change

Variables

(1)

(2)

(3)

Log_cereal

Log_income

Log_fcsdaily

Extension services contact

2.253**

11.413***

0.543

 

(1.051)

(3.743)

(0.397)

Observations

484

538

531

First stage F-statistic

7.947

10.96

11.42

  1. *** Significant at 1 % level; ** significant at 5 % level; * significant at 10 % level. In parentheses are robust standard errors. Crop diversification is instrumented by a dummy variable = 1 if farmer had any contact with agricultural extension workers; 0 otherwise. In all the specifications we include controls for district fixed effects, farmer’s age, experience, gender, education, and other dummy variables for other employment, household wealth and marital status
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