Crop diversification and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe: adaptive management for environmental change

Makate, Clifton; Wang, Rongchang; Makate, Marshall; Mango, Nelson

doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2802-4

SpringerPlus

Table 1 Descriptive statistics and variable definitions

From: Crop diversification and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe: adaptive management for environmental change

	Variable definitions	Count	Mean	SD
Cereal	Cereal output per hectare (kg)	522	1525.739	1388.541
Fcsdaily	Daily food consumption score	594	11.133	5.483
Hfood_security	Binary variable = 1 if household is food secure; 0 otherwise (based of household food insecurity access score)	594	0.221	0.415
Hdds	Household dietary diversity score	594	7.022	2.468
Income	Income from crop sales measured in US$	601	236.952	807.411
Legumeprod	Legume productivity (legume output per hectare measured in kg/ha)	459	1342.412	1995.213
Cd_dum	Binary variable = 1 if smallholder farmer practiced crop diversification; 0 otherwise	575	0.805	0.396
Extension_dum	Binary variable = 1 if farmer received extension services; 0 otherwise	601	0.606	0.489
Info_outputprice	Binary variable = 1 if farmer has information regarding output prices in the market; 0 otherwise	601	0.641	0.480
Roadntwk_good	Binary variable = 1 if the road network is good in the area; 0 otherwise	601	0.290	0.454
Transport_costlow	Binary variable = 1 if transport costs are relatively low in the area; 0 otherwise	601	0.526	0.500
Infoaccess_dum	Binary variable = 1 if farmer has easy access to information; 0 otherwise	599	0.743	0.437
Househ_resp_hhead	Binary variable = 1 if farmer is the household head; 0 otherwise	601	0.567	0.496
Househ_male	Binary variable = 1 if male; 0 otherwise	601	0.757	0.429
Househ_age	Household’s age in years	595	51.447	15.520
Househ_age2	Household’s age squared	595	2887.269	1682.320
Educ_secondary	Binary variable = 1 if farmer completed secondary education or more; 0 otherwise	601	0.478	0.500
Househ_married	Binary variable = 1 if farmer is married; 0 otherwise	601	0.744	0.437
Househ_num_workers	Number of household workers	599	3.249	1.809
Househ_landsize	Size of arable land in hectares	601	2.344	2.661
Househ_landsq	Size of arable land squared	601	12.565	74.541
Distance_market	Distance to the nearest main crop market in kilometers	571	98.732	82.921
Farm_experience	Number of years in farming	595	20.011	14.358
Farm_exp2	Square of number of years in farming	595	606.229	749.987
Occupation_farmer	Binary variable = 1 if full-time farmer; 0 otherwise	601	0.864	0.344
Asset_quintile1	Binary variable = 1 if farmer is in asset quintile 1 (poorest); 0 otherwise	601	0.201	0.401
Asset_quintile2	Binary variable = 1 if farmer is in asset quintile 2; 0 otherwise	601	0.200	0.400
Asset_quintile3	Binary variable = 1 if farmer is in asset quintile 3; 0 otherwise	601	0.200	0.400
Asset_quintile4	Binary variable = 1 if farmer is in asset quintile 4; 0 otherwise	601	0.200	0.400
Asset_quintile5	Binary variable = 1 if farmer is in asset quintile 5 (richest); 0 otherwise	601	0.200	0.400
Wedza	Binary variable = 1 if farmer lives in Wedza district; 0 otherwise	601	0.198	0.399
Mudzi	Binary variable = 1 if farmer lives in Mudzi district; 0 otherwise	601	0.200	0.400
Guruve	Binary variable = 1 if farmer lives in Guruve district; 0 otherwise	601	0.311	0.463
Goromonzi	Binary variable = 1 if farmers lives in Goromonzi district; 0 otherwise	601	0.291	0.455

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