Table 1 Characteristic of studies included in the meta-analysis
From: Association between tooth loss and risk of oesophageal cancer: a dose–response meta-analysis
Study | Year | Country | Study design | No. of subjects | No. of patients | Sex | Age, median (range), years | Assessment of tooth loss | Adjustment for covariates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abnet | 2001 | China | A prospective cohort study | 28,868 | 620 | W and M | NA (40–69) | Questionnaire and clinical examination by interviewer | Adjusted for age sex, tobacco use, and alcohol use |
Abnet | 2005 | Finland | A prospective cohort study | 29,124 | 49 | M | 57.2 (50–69) | Questionnaire | Adjusted for age at randomization and education |
Guha | 2007 | Central Europe | A hospital-based case–control study | 1060 | 132 | W and M | NA (NA) | Inspected by dentist or interviewer | Adjusted for age, sex, country/center, education, tobacco pack-years, cumulative alcohol consumption, and all other oral health variables |
Guha | 2007 | Latin American | A hospital-based case–control study | 1978 | 173 | W and M | NA (NA) | Inspected by dentist or interviewer | Adjusted for age, sex, country/center, education, tobacco pack-years, cumulative alcohol consumption, and all other oral health variables |
Abnet | 2008 | Iran | A population-based case–control study | 843 | 283 | W and M | 65 (56–73) | Inspected by trained medical personnel | Adjusted for age, sex, place of residence, ethnicity, alcohol drinking, use of tobacco, opium, or both, education in three categories, number of appliances, and fruit and vegetable intake |
Hiraki | 2008 | Japan | A hospital-based case–control study | 1062 | 354 | W and M | 58.0 (20–79) | Self-administered questionnaire | Adjusted for age, sex, smoking and drinking status (never, former, current), vegetable and fruit intake, BMI, and regular exercise |
Michaud | 2008 | United states | A prospective cohort study | 48,375 | 131 | M | NA (40–75) | Self-reported and clinical examination | Adjusted for age (continuous), race (White, Asian, Black), physical activity (quintiles), history of diabetes (yes/no), alcohol (quartiles), body mass index (<22, 22–24,9, 25–29.9, 30+), geographic location (South, West, Northeast, Midwest), height (quintiles), calcium intake (quintiles), total caloric intake (quintiles), red meat intake (quintiles),fruit and vegetable intake (quintiles), and vitamin D score (deciles) smoking history (never, past quit ≤10 years, past quit >10 years, current 1–14 cigarettes per day, 15–24 cigarettes per day, 25+ cigarettes per day), and pack-years (continuous) |
Dar | 2013 | India | A case–control study | 2367 | 703 | W and M | Case: 61.6; Control: 59.8 | Inspected by dentist | Adjusted for age, ethnicity, residence, education, wealth score, fruit and vegetable intake, bidi smoking, gutka chewing, alcohol consumption andcumulative use of hookah, cigarette, and nass |
Patel | 2013 | Kenya | A hospital-based case–control study | 318 | 159 | W and M | 56.1 (NA) | Questionnaire | Unadjust |