Table 1 Characteristics of patients
Variables | Vessel sealing system (BVSS) | Conventional devices (CONV) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 31 | 30 | |
Age at diagnosis (y/o) | 59.1 ± 15.6 | 57.6 ± 11.2 | 0.663 |
BMI | 21.8 ± 4.0 | 21.5 ± 3.1 | 0.731 |
Comorbidities | |||
HTN | 5 (16.1 %) | 2 (6.7 %) | 0.246 |
DM | 2 (6.5 %) | 1 (3.3 %) | 0.573 |
Smoking | 11 (35.5 %) | 4 (13.3 %) | 0.045 |
Clinical TNM stage | 0.055 | ||
0 | 0 (0.0 %) | 1 (3.3 %) | |
1 | 8 (26.7 %) | 1 (3.3 %) | |
2 | 18 (60.0 %) | 21 (70.0 %) | |
3 | 4 (13.3 %) | 7 (23.3 %) | |
Clinical T stage | 0.111 | ||
Tis | 0 (0.0 %) | 1 (3.3 %) | |
T1 | 11 (35.5 %) | 3 (10.0 %) | |
T2 | 16 (51.6 %) | 20 (66.7 %) | |
T3 | 1 (3.2 %) | 2 (6.7 %) | |
T4 | 3 (9.7 %) | 4 (13.3 %) | |
Clinical N stage | 0.73 | ||
N0 | 11 (35.5 %) | 9 (30.0 %) | |
N1 | 17 (54.8 %) | 19 (63.3 %) | |
N2 | 1 (3.2 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | |
N3 | 2 (6.5 %) | 2 (6.7 %) | |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 21 (67.7 %) | 24 (80.0 %) | 0.277 |
Receptor status | |||
Hormone receptor positive | 19 (61.3 %) | 12 (40.0 %) | 0.286 |
HER2 positive | 4 (13.3 %) | 10 (24.1 %) | 0.047 |
Histology | 0.331 | ||
Ductal carcinoma | 31 (100 %) | 28 (96.5 %) | |
Lobular carcinoma | 0 (0.0 %) | 1 (3.4 %) | |
Others | 0 (0.0 %) | 1 (3.4 %) | |
Nuclear grade | 0.679 | ||
1 | 11 (35.5 %) | 13 (43.3 %) | |
2 | 10 (32.3 %) | 7 (23.3 %) | |
3 | 7 (22.6 %) | 5 (16.7 %) | |
Unknown | 3 (9.7 %) | 5 (16.7 %) | |
Type of surgery | 0.394 | ||
Total mastectomy | 18 (58.1 %) | 18 (60.0 %) | |
Breast conserving surgery | 12 (38.7 %) | 12 (40.0 %) | |
Total number of removed lymph nodes | 20.3 ± 7.4 | 18.4 ± 6.7 | 0.268 |
Pathological tumor size | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 0.290 |
Total number of pathologically | |||
Positive lymph nodes | 0.273 | ||
0 | 9 (29.0 %) | 10 (33.3 %) | |
1 | 7 (22.6 %) | 10 (33.3 %) | |
2 | 7 (22.6 %) | 4 (13.3 %) | |
3 | 1 (3.2 %) | 4 (13.3 %) | |
>4 | 7 (22.6 %) | 2 (6.6 %) | |
Lymphovascular invasion | 16 (51.6 %) | 12 (40.0 %) | 0.363 |
Mean days until drain removal | 6.4 ± 2.9 | 8.2 ± 3.8 | 0.033 |
Total drain volume (mL) | 365.3 ± 242.2 | 625.1 ± 446.6 | 0.009 |
Total operating times (minutes) | 180.9 ± 65.5 | 168.6 ± 30.3 | 0.670 |
Axillary dissection operating time (minutes) | 65.6 ± 19.6 | 70.3 ± 21.6 | 0.371 |
Estimated blood loss (mL) | 18.2 ± 31.1 | 20.6 ± 26.3 | 0.663 |
Postoperative complications | 0.673 | ||
Postoperative bleeding | 0 (0.0 %) | 1 (3.3 %) | |
Hematoma | 0 (0.0 %) | 1 (3.3 %) | |
Seroma | 13 (43.3 %) | 11 (37.9 %) | |
Wound infection | 0 (0.0 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | |
Flap necrosis | 0 (0.0 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | |
Skin burn | 0 (0.0 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | |
Postoperative hospital stay (days) | 8.8 ± 3.1 | 10.1 ± 3.1 | 0.077 |