Determinants of climate change awareness level in upper Nyakach Division, Kisumu County, Kenya

Ajuang, Chadwick O.; Abuom, Paul O.; Bosire, Esna K.; Dida, Gabriel O.; Anyona, Douglas N.

doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2699-y

Table 1 A contingency table denoting all the variables included in the study and their frequencies

From: Determinants of climate change awareness level in upper Nyakach Division, Kisumu County, Kenya

Variable	Codes	N	All %	Valid %	Cumulative %
Gender	0: Male	161	48.2	48.8	48.8
	1: Females	169	50.6	51.2	100.0
	Missing	4	1.2
Age	0: Youth	14	4.2	4.2	4.2
	1: Middle age	234	70.1	70.9	75.2
	2: Old age	82	24.6	24.8	100.0
	Missing	4	1.2
Education Level	0: Uneducated	14	4.7	4.7	4.7
	1: Primary	153	51.0	51.0	55.7
	2: Secondary	111	37.0	37.0	92.7
	3: College	15	5.0	5.0	97.7
	4: University	7	2.3	2.3	100.0
	Missing	0	0
Region/sublocation
	0: Andingo	22	6.7	6.7	6.7
	1: East Kadian	48	14.5	14.5	21.2
	2: East Koguta	37	11.2	11.2	32.4
	3: Gari	14	4.2	4.2	36.6
	4: Kajimbo	44	13.3	13.3	49.9
	5: Lower Kadian	19	5.8	5.8	55.7
	6: Nyongong	18	5.5	5.5	61.2
	7: Ramogi	16	4.8	4.8	66.0
	8: Upper Kadian	25	7.6	7.6	73.6
	9: West Kadian	37	11.2	11.2	84.8
	10: West Koguta	50	15.2	15.2	100.0
	Missing	0	0
Gender versus awareness
	0: Male	146	48.7	48.7	48.7
	1: Female	154	51.3	51.3	100.0
	Missing	0	0
Age versus awareness
	0: Youth	14	4.7	4.7	4.7
	1: Middle age	208	69.3	69.3	74.0
	2: Old age	78	26.0	26.0	100.0
	Missing	0	0
Education versus awareness	0: Uneducated	21	7.0	7.0	7.0
	1: Secondary	153	51.0	51.0	58.0
	2: College	111	37.0	37.0	95.0
	3: University	15	5.0	5.0	100.0
	Missing	0	0
Livelihood vs awareness
	0: Crop farming	190	63.3	63.3	63.3
	1: Livestock keeping	4	1.3	1.3	64.6
	2: Employed	70	23.3	23.3	87.9
	3: Trade	21	7.0	7.0	94.9
	4: Fishing	14	4.7	4.7	99.6
	5: Brick making	1	0.3	0.3	100.0
	6. Missing	0	0
Age vs observed temperature changes
	1. Youth
	0: Rising temp	10	71.4	71.4	71.4
	1: Declining temp	0	0	0	71.4
	2: No change	4	28.6	28.6	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	2. Middle age
	0: Rising temp	189	90.9	90.9	90.9
	1: Declining temp	5	2.4	2.4	93.3
	2: No change	14	6.7	6.7	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	3. Old age
	0: Rising temp	66	80.5	80.5	80.5
	1: Declining temp	11	13.4	13.4	93.9
	2: No change	5	6.1	6.1	100.0
	Missing	0	0
Age versus observed rainfall changes
	1. Youth
	0: Declining rains	8	57.1	57.1	57.1
	1: Late rains	1	7.1	7.1	64.2
	2: Rains coming early	0	0	0	64.2
	3: Shorter rain seasons	3	21.4	21.4	85.6
	4: Longer rain seasons	0	0	0	85.6
	5: More rains	0	0	0	85.6
	6: No change	1	7.1	7.1	92.7
	7: Other	1	7.1	7.1	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	2. Middle age
	0: Declining rains	116	50.4	50.4	50.4
	1: Late rains	42	18.3	18.3	68.7
	2: Rains coming early	1	0.4	0.4	69.1
	3: Shorter rain seasons	38	16.5	16.5	85.6
	4: Longer rain seasons	21	9.1	9.1	94.7
	5: More rains	4	1.7	1.7	96.4
	6: No change	0	0	0	96.4
	7: Other	8	3.5	3.5	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	3. Old age
	0: Declining rains	58	70.7	70.7	70.7
	1: Late rains	13	16.0	16.0	86.7
	2: Rains coming early	0	0	0	86.7
	3: Shorter rain seasons	6	7.3	7.3	94.4
	4: Longer rain seasons	1	1.2	1.2	95.2
	5: More rains	2	2.4	2.4	97.6
	6: No change	0	0	0	97.6
	7: Other	2	2.4	2.4	100.0
	Missing	0	0
Age versus drought changes
	1. Youth
	0: More frequent	12	85.7	85.7	85.7
	1: Less frequent	2	14.3	14.3	100.0
	2: No change	0	0	0
	Missing	0	0
	2. Middle age
	0: More frequent	168	73.0	73.0	73.0
	1: Less frequent	57	24.8	24.8	97.8
	2: No change	5	2.2	2.2	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	3. Old age
	0: More frequent	67	81.7	81.7	81.7
	1: Less frequent	15	18.3	18.3	100.0
	2: No change	0	0	0
	Missing	0	0
Gender versus observed temperature changes
	1. Male
	0: Rising temperature	141	87.6	87.6	87.6
	1: Declining temperature	12	7.5	7.5	95.1
	2: No change	8	4.9	4.9	100.0
	Missing	0
	2. Female
	0: Rising temperature	146	86.4	86.4	86.4
	1: Declining temperature	4	2.4	2.4	88.8
	2: No change	19	11.2	11.2	100.0
	Missing	0	0
Gender versus observed rainfall changes
	1. Male
	0: Declining rains	97	60.2	60.2	60.2
	1: Late rains	35	21.7	21.7	81.9
	2: Rains coming early	0	0	0	81.9
	3: Shorter rain seasons	15	9.3	9.3	91.2
	4: Longer rain seasons	0	0	0	91.2
	5: More rains	5	3.1	3.1	94.3
	6: No change	1	0.6	0.6	95.0
	7: Other	8	5.0	5.0	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	1. Female
	0: Declining rains	85	50.3	50.3	50.3
	1: Late rains	21	12.4	12.4	62.7
	2: Rains coming early	1	0.6	0.6	63.3
	3: Shorter rain seasons	36	21.3	21.3	84.3
	4: Longer rain seasons	22	13.0	13.0	97.3
	5: More rains	1	0.6	0.6	97.9
	6: No change	0	0	0	97.9
	7: Other	3	1.8	1.8	100.0
	Missing	0	0
Gender versus observed flood occurrence
	1. Male
	Yes	55	34.2	34.2	34.2
	No	106	65.8	65.8	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	1: Female
	Yes	69	40.8	41.1	41.1
	No	99	58.6	58.9	100.0
	Missing	1	0.6
Education versus observed temperature changes
	1: Uneducated
	0: Rising temperature	13	92.9	92.9	92.9
	1: Declining temperature	0	0	0	92.9
	2: No change	1	7.1	7.1	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	2: Secondary
	0: Rising temperature	143	82.7	82.7	82.7
	1: Declining temperature	15	8.7	8.7	91.4
	2: No change	15	8.7	8.7	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	3: College
	0: Rising temperature	113	94.2	94.2	94.2
	1: Declining temperature	1	0.8	0.8	95.0
	2: No change	6	5.0	5.0	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	4: University
	0: Rising temperature	6	85.7	85.7	85.7
	1: Declining temperature	0	0	0	85.7
	2: No change	1	14.3	14.3	100.0
	Missing	0	0
Education versus observed rainfall changes
	1: Uneducated
	0: Declining rains	7	50.0	50.0	50.0
	1: Late rains	6	42.9	42.9	92.9
	2: Rains coming early	0	0	0	92.9
	3: Shorter rain seasons	1	7.1	7.1	100.0
	4: Longer rain seasons	0	0	0
	5: More rains	0	0	0
	6: No change	0	0	0
	7: Other	0	0	0
	Missing	0	0
	2: Primary
	0: Declining rains	92	53.2	53.2	53.2
	1: Late rains	24	13.9	13.9	67.1
	2: Rains coming early	1	0.6	0.6	67.7
	3: Shorter rain seasons	25	14.5	14.5	82.2
	4: Longer rain seasons	22	12.7	12.7	94.9
	5: More rains	2	1.2	1.2	96.1
	6: No change	1	0.6	0.6	96.7
	7: Other	6	3.5	3.5	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	3: Secondary
	0: Declining rains	76	63.3	63.3	63.3
	1: Late rains	18	15.0	15.0	78.3
	2: Rains coming early	0	0	0	78.3
	3: Shorter rain seasons	17	14.2	14.2	92.5
	4: Longer rain seasons	0	0	0	92.5
	5: More rains	4	3.3	3.3	95.8
	6: No change	0	0	0	95.8
	7: Other	5	4.2	4.2	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	4: College
	0: Declining rains	6	37.5	37.5	37.5
	1: Late rains	2	12.5	12.5	50.0
	2: Rains coming early	0	0	0	50.0
	3: Shorter rain seasons	8	50.0	50.0	100.0
	4: Longer rain seasons	0	0	0
	5: More rains	0	0	0
	6: No change	0	0	0
	7: Other	0	0	0
	Missing	0	0
	4: University
	0: Declining rains	1	14.3	14.3	14.3
	1: Late rains	6	85.7	85.7	100.0
	2: Rains coming early	0	0	0
	3: Shorter rain seasons	0	0	0
	4: Longer rain seasons	0	0	0
	5: More rains	0	0	0	0
	6: No change	0	0	0	0
	7: Other	0	0	0	0
	Missing	0	0	0
Education versus drought changes
	1: Uneducated
	0: Increasing severity	8	57.1	57.1	57.1
	1: Decreasing severity	6	42.9	42.9	100.0
	2: No change	0	0	0
	Missing	0	0
	1: Primary
	0: Increasing severity	109	63.0	63.0	63.0
	1: Decreasing severity	58	33.5	33.5	96.5
	2: No change	6	3.5	3.5	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	2: Secondary
	0: Increasing severity	96	80.0	80.0	80.0
	1: Decreasing severity	23	19.2	19.2	99.2
	2: No change	1	0.8	0.8	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	3: College
	0: Increasing severity	8	50.0	50.0	50.0
	1: Decreasing severity	8	50.0	50.0	100.0
	2: No change	0	0	0
	Missing	0	0
	4: University
	0: Increasing severity	5	71.4	71.4	71.4
	1: Decreasing severity	1	14.3	14.3	85.7
	2: No change	1	14.3	14.3	100.0
	Missing	0	0
Education versus observed flood occurrence
	1: Uneducated
	0: Yes	5	35.7	35.7	35.7
	1: No	9	64.3	64.3	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	1: Primary
	0: Yes	57	32.9	32.9	32.9
	1: No	116	67.1	67.1	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	2: Secondary
	0: Yes	55	45.8	45.8	45.8
	1: No	65	54.2	54.2	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	3 : College
	0: Yes	5	33.3	33.3	33.3
	1: No	10	66.7	66.7	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	4: University
	0: Yes	2	28.6	28.6	28.6
	1: No	5	71.4	71.4	100.0
	Missing	0	0
Livelihood versus observed temperature changes
	1: Crop farming
	0: Rising temperature	188	87.9	87.9	87.9
	1: Declining temperature	13	6.1	6.1	94.0
	2: No change	13	6.1	6.1	100.0
	3: Missing	0	0
	1: Livestock keeping
	0: Rising temperature	4	57.1	57.1	57.1
	1: Declining temperature	0	0	0	57.1
	2: No change	3	42.9	42.9	100.0
	3: Missing	0	0
	2: Employed
	0: Rising temperature	63	86.3	86.3	86.3
	1: Declining temperature	2	2.7	2.7	89.0
	2: No change	8	11.0	11.0	100.0
	3: Missing	0	0
	3: Trade
	0: Rising temperature	18	85.7	85.7	85.7
	1: Declining temperature	1	4.8	4.8	90.5
	2: No change	2	9.5	9.5	100.0
	4: Fishing
	0: Rising temperature	14	100.0	100.0	100.0
	1: Declining temperature	0	0	0
	2: No change	0	0	0
	3: Missing	0	0
	5: Brick making
	0: Rising temperature	0	0	0	0
	1: Declining temperature	0	0	0	0
	2: No change	1	100.0	100.0	100.0
	3: Missing	0	0
Livelihood versus observed drought changes
	1: Crop farming
	0: Rising temperature	150	70.1	70.1	70.1
	1: Declining temperature	56	26.2	26.2	96.3
	2: No change	8	3.7	3.7	100.0
	3: Missing	0	0
	2: Livestock keeping
	0: Rising temperature	4	57.1	57.1	57.1
	1: Declining temperature	3	42.9	42.9	100.0
	2: No change	0	0	0
	3: Missing	0	0
	3: Employed
	0: Rising temperature	60	82.2	82.2	82.2
	1: Declining temperature	12	16.4	16.4	98.6
	2: No change	1	1.4	1.4	100.0
	3: Missing	0	0
	4: Trade
	0: Rising temperature	19	90.5	90.5	90.5
	1: Declining temperature	2	9.5	9.5	9.5
	2: No change	0	0	0	100.0
	3: Missing	0	0
	5: Fishing
	0: Rising temperature	14	100.0	100.0	100.0
	1: Declining temperature	0	0	0
	2: No change	0	0	0
	3: Missing	0	0
	6: Brick making
	0: Rising temperature	0	0	0	0
	1: Declining temperature	1	100.0	100.0	100.0
	2: No change	0	0	0
	3: Missing	0	0
Livelihood versus observed rainfall changes
	0: Crop farming
	0: Declining rains	110	51.4	51.4	51.4
	1: Late rains	36	16.8	16.8	68.2
	2: Rains coming early	1	0.5	0.5	68.7
	3: Shorter rain seasons	31	14.5	14.5	83.2
	4: Longer rain seasons	22	10.3	10.3	93.5
	5: More rains	3	1.4	1.4	94.9
	6: No change	1	0.5	0.5	95.4
	7: Other	10	4.6	4.6	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	1: Livestock keeping
	0: Declining rains	3	42.9	42.9	42.9
	1: Late rains	1	14.3	14.3	57.2
	2: Rains coming early	0	0	0	57.2
	3: Shorter rain seasons	3	42.9	42.9	100.0
	4: Longer rain seasons	0	0	0
	5: More rains	0	0	0
	6: No change	0	0	0
	7: Other	0	0	0
	Missing	0	0
Livelihood vs observed flood occurrence
	0: Crop farming
	0: Yes	46	21.5	21.5	21.5
	1: No	167	78.0	78.0	100.0
	Missing	1	0.5
	1: Livestock keeping
	0: Yes	6	85.7	85.7	85.7
	1: No	1	14.3	14.3	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	2: Employed
	0: Yes	41	56.2	56.2	56.2
	1: No	32	43.8	43.8	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	3: Trade
	0: Yes	17	81.0	81.0	81.0
	1: No	4	19.0	19.0	100.0
	Missing	0	0
	4: Fishing
	0: Yes	14	100.0	100	100.0
	1: No	0	0	0
	Missing	0	0	0
	5: Brick making
	0: Yes	0	0.0	0	0
	1: No	1	100.0	100	100.0
	Missing	0	0

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