Fig. 3From: Biomechanical study of rotational micromovement of the pedicle screwMicromovement in the left anterior flexion. α, Rotational angle of L3 pedicle screw (°); β, rotational angle of L3 vertebral body (°); γ, rotational angle of L4 pedicle screw (°); Rotational angle of L4 vertebral body = 0°; Formula: micromovement of L3 = |α − β|, micromovement of L4 = |γ − 0|Back to article page