Table 3 Comparing direct effects, indirect effects of religious identity and explained variances with and without the mediator variables

Direct effects without mediator variables

.21***

−.20**

.43***

.35***

−.25**

.57***

Direct effects with mediator variables

.22***

−.15*

.36***

.36***

−.18*

.47***

Indirect effects

.01

−.06

.33***

.01

−.07

.46***

R ² without mediator variables

5 %

1 %

17 %

12 %

2 %

20 %

R ² with mediator variables

5 %

21 %

52 %

13 %

12 %

44 %