Determination of plasma and leukocyte vitamin C concentrations in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Ester-C®

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Table 2 Subject demographics and baseline characteristics

Category	EC → AA → PL (N = 15)	AA → PL → EC (N = 15)	P value*
Age (years)	39.87 ± 15.99	43.27 ± 11.92	0.514
Weight (kg)	69.42 ± 11.77	72.76 ± 12.99	0.467
BMI (kg/m²)	24.28 ± 3.09	24.71 ± 2.21	0.662
Gender
Female	7/15 (46.67 %)	7/15 (46.67 %)	0.714^†
Male	8/15 (53.33 %)	8/15 (53.33 %)
Baseline vitamin C
Plasma vitamin C (μg/mL)	6.97 ± 5.42	4.67 ± 3.99	0.197
Leukocyte vitamin C (μg/10⁸ cells)	9.28 ± 6.24	8.73 ± 4.13	0.778

Data are mean ± standard deviation, or frequency (%) for categorical variables
EC Ester-C^®, AA ascorbic acid, PL placebo
Significant differences are indicated by P values: * means of continuous variables between sequences (compared using an unpaired t test); ^† categorical variables between sequences (compared using Chi square test)