Comparison of protein and energy supplementation to mineral supplementation on feeding behavior of grazing cattle during the rainy to the dry season transition

SpringerPlus

Table 7 Intakes of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDF), feed efficiency (kg DM and NDF/h) and rumination efficiency (kg DM and NDF/cud) of dairy crossbred steers on pasture receiving protein-energy or mineral supplementation

Item	Supplement		S.E.M^d	P value
Item	Protein/energy	Mineral	S.E.M^d	P value
	Intake^a
g DM/meal	535.6	662.0	29.98	0.180
g NDF/meal	138.2	180.5	10.31	<0.001
	Feed efficiency^b
kg DM/h	0.80	0.58	0.897	0.023
kg NDF/h	0.46	0.36	0.534	0.001
	Rumination efficiency^b
kg DM/h	1.35	1.09	1.210	0.067
kg NDF/h	0.78	0.67	0.746	0.217
	Rumination^c
g DM/cud	17.53	14.13	3.612	0.012
g NDF/cud	10.16	8.76	2.995	0.111

^aObtained by dividing the average individual intake of each fraction by the number of feeding periods per day
^bObtained by dividing the average daily intake of DM and NDF by the total time spent feeding and/or ruminating in 24 h
^cObtained by dividing the average individual intake of each fraction by the number of cuds ruminated per day
^dS.E.M. = standard error of the mean