Table 2 Factors associated with pain

Sex

 Men

Ref

 Women

1.57 (1.44–1.71)*

Age (years)

 18–25

Ref

 25–≤45

1.19 (1.04–1.36)*

 45–≤65

1.47 (1.26–1.73)*

Occupation

 Civil

0.87 (0.77–0.98)*

 Profession

1.13 (1.00–1.28)*

 Worker

Ref

 Famer

0.98 (0.85–1.14)

 Business man/service

0.95 (0.82–1.09)

 Students

1.03 (0.88–1.20)

 Others

0.90 (0.78–1.04)

Education

Ref

 Liberate/primary school

1.01 (0.91–1.12)

 High school

1.08 (0.96–1.20)

 College

Area

 Jilin

Ref

 Gansu

0.44 (0.39–0.49)*

 Sichuan

0.36 (0.32–0.41)*

 Jiangsu

0.25 (0.22–0.28)*

 Hubei

0.57 (0.51–0.64)*

 Beijing

0.56 (0.49–0.63)*

Marriage

 Single

0.94 (0.83–1.06)

 Married

Ref

 Devoice/separate/widow

1.11 (0.90–1.37)

Smoking

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.01 (0.91–1.11)

Drinking

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.10 (1.00–1.20)*

Healthy

 Yes

Ref

 No

1.94 (1.78–2.11)*