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Table 2 Comparison of dietary intake

From: Habitual dietary protein intake affects body iron status in Japanese female college rhythmic gymnasts: a follow-up study

 

L group (n = 11)

H group (n = 9)

Baseline

Δ (baseline–follow-up)

Baseline

Δ (baseline–follow-up)

Energy and nutrient intake

    

 Energy (kcal)

1873 ± 410 (1877)

121 ± 599 (48)

1941 ± 249 (1953)

29 ± 301 (25)

 Protein (g)

51.6 ± 4.3 (53.5)

3.0 ± 16.7 (4.2)

70.4 ± 5.3 (71.4)*

−4.4 ± 17.4 (−1.6)

  Animal protein (%)

40.1 ± 6.2 (38.4)

−2.3 ± 7.6 (0.3)

57.4 ± 8.5 (60.6)*

−3.9 ± 14.7 (−7.6)

 Fat (g)

67.7 ± 7.5 (67.0)

0.7 ± 17.1 (−1.1)

66.7 ± 3.7 (66.7)

−2.4 ± 14.1 (−7.1)

 Carbohydrate (g)

268 ± 20 (268)

27 ± 94 (10)

250 ± 9 (246)*

14 ± 28 (18)

 Dietary iron (g)

7.6 ± 2.1 (7.6)

−0.4 ± 2.5 (−0.8)

7.0 ± 0.8 (7.1)

−0.2 ± 1.2 (−0.5)

 Dietary iron with supplements (g)

9.0 ± 4.1 (7.6)

−2.6 ± 2.3 (−2.7)

10.9 ± 3.3 (12.9)

−1.3 ± 4.6 (−2.2)

 Zinc (mg)

5.8 ± 0.5 (5.8)

0.5 ± 2.1 (0.3)†

8.1 ± 0.8 (7.8)*

−0.2 ± 1.9 (0.0)

 Calcium (mg)

695 ± 169 (701)

8 ± 213 (27)

674 ± 98 (679)

39 ± 174 (72)

 Vitamin B6 (mg)

0.60 ± 0.08 (0.58)

0.06 ± 0.26 (0.12)

0.94 ± 0.16 (0.97)*

−0.09 ± 0.27 (−0.18)

 Vitamin B12 (mg)

2.8 ± 0.6 (2.7)

−0.7 ± 2.1 (−0.8)

7.5 ± 2.3 (8.1)*

−1.3 ± 4.1 (−3.2)

 Vitamin C (mg)

74 ± 22 (78)

17 ± 31 (11)

67 ± 13 (61)

−7 ± 26 (−12)

Food groups

    

 Cereals (g)

231 ± 66 (218)

−5 ± 82 (−30)

341 ± 51 (338)*

23 ± 44 (30)

 Green and yellow vegetables (g)

25 ± 10 (30)

10 ± 11 (11)

47 ± 18 (44)*

5 ± 23 (3)

 Pulses (g)

39 ± 18 (39)

13 ± 32 (9)

63 ± 36 (53)

10 ± 49 (10)

 Fish and shelfish (g)

17 ± 7 (19)

−14 ± 26 (−16)

79 ± 32 (83)*

−18 ± 50 (−49)

 Meat (g)

46 ± 21 (43)

7 ± 29 (0)

70 ± 24 (85)*

−9 ± 20 (−6)

 Eggs (g)

13 ± 7 (14)

8 ± 10 (9)

34 ± 16 (36)*

4 ± 15 (9)

 Fruit (g)

100 ± 62 (108)

34 ± 91 (27)

76 ± 31 (60)

−19 ± 62 (−31)

 Dairy products (g)

213 ± 72 (213)

−30 ± 82 (−53)

237 ± 100 (264)

10 ± 117 (13)

 Confectioneries (g)

189 ± 51 (188)

−32 ± 81 (−75)†

89 ± 26 (96)*

1 ± 67 (11)

  1. Values are expressed as mean ± SD (median)
  2. Protein intake was adjusted for daily energy intake by residuals analysis
  3. Δ (baseline–follow-up): delta changes were adjusted for baseline values using the residual method
  4. * p < 0.05; significantly different from the L group (Mann–Whitney U test)
  5. † p < 0.05; significantly different from baseline within-group (Wilcoxon Signed-rank test)
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