Table 4 Integrin-associated proteins (intracellular signaling proteins)

Cytohesin-1

Sec7 domain binds to cytoplasmic tail of integrin β2

Affecting the PI3 K-dependent activation of integrin β2

Regulating human polymorphonuclear neutrophil

Nagel et al. (1998), Azreqa and Bourgoina (2011)

FAK

Directly binding to integrin β1 tail

Playing an essential role in integrin-stimulated signaling mechanism

Important for tumor progression in cancer

Sun et al. (2014)

ILK

C-terminus of ILK binding to the cytoplasmic tails of integrin β1 and β3

Regulating actin cytoskeleton by interacting with various actin-binding actin regulatory proteins and mediating the integrin-dependent signaling

Playing an important function to upregulate several types of cancers, as leukemia

Persad and Dedhar (2003), Böttcher et al. (2009)

β₃-endonexin

Binding to integrin β3 cytoplasmic tail (Asn-IIe-Thr-Tyr (NITY) motif)

Increasing integrins affinity for ligand

Playing roles in proliferative disease, for example atherosclerosis.

Hannigan et al. (1996)

ICAP-1

C-terminal region containing a PTB domain that providing a binding site for integrin β1

Acting as a messenger that transmits information to the cellular nucleus for controlling gene expression and cell proliferation in a β1-independent manner

Important for body development and pathogenesis

Bouvard et al. (2006), Faurobert et al. (2012)

Rack1

Interacting with the cytoplasmic tails of integrin β1, β2, and β5

Important in the control of integrin-dependent PKC associated signaling cascades

Serving as a scaffold protein in promoting angiogenesis

Liliental and Chang (1998), Li et al. (2000)

CIB

Interacting with integrin

Main function still needing to be tested in a cellular environment

Naik et al. (1997)