Table 3 Integrin-associated proteins (cytoskeletal proteins)

α-actinin

Central repeat of α-actinin can bind to integrin β1 and activated β2

Membrane-spanning region can bind

to integrin β3

Cytoplasmic domain position can bind to integrin αIIb

Enhancing signaling from matrix adhesion sites and stimulating integrin-mediated cell-to-matrix adhesion

Non-muscle α-actinins playing roles in the development and progression of cancer, such as metastatic breast, colorectal, pancreatic and ovarian cancer etc

Pavalk and LaRoche (1993), Vinogradova et al. (2002), Kikuchi et al. (2008), Barbolina et al. (2008)

Talin

Containing an atypical four point one protein, ezrin, radixin and moesin (FERM) domain that binding to integrin cytoplasmic tails

Important for transducing signals, actin network organization, focal adhesion composition, and integrin activation

Over expression leading the progression to metastatic disease such as prostate cancer

Desiniotis and Kyprianou (2011), Kim et al. (2011), Goult et al. (2013), Das et al. (2014), Tan et al. (2015)

Filamin

Binding to integrin β tails

Important in integrin signaling transduction and the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton

Mutation causing congenital anomalies and epileptic seizures

Feng and Walsh (2004), Robertson (2005), Robertson et al. (2006), Kim et al. (2010)

Paxillin

Binding to the membrane proximal region of the integrin β1

Acting as a crucial intermediary in the transduction of signals generated by cell adhesion through integrins

Has an association between Paxillin gene expression and invasive tumor behavior, including lung cancer and breast carcinoma etc

Schaller et al. (1995), Tanaka et al. (1996), Salgia et al. (1999), Madan et al. (2006)

Tensin

Containing a PTB domain

Involved in integrin-mediated focal adhesions

Negativity producing unfavorable prognosis in terms of overall survival in breast cancer

Lo et al. (1994), Yang et al. (2016)