Table 1 Technology level assessments implemented in the US, Japan, and Korea
From: Assessment of technological level of stem cell research using principal component analysis
Country | Implementing agency | Assessment contents | Method | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
US | Office of Science Technology Policy (OSTP) | Subareas of 90 important national technologies Comparison of technological level against Japan and European countries | Likert-scale | (OSTP 1995) |
World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) | Physics and engineering Advances in life sciences and oncology Systems engineering for clean and renewable energy manufacturing | Experts review | (WTEC 2014) (WTEC 2013) | |
Japan | Japan Science and Technology Agency–Center for Research and Development Strategy (JST–CRDS) | Focus on 5 major areas of science and technology Assessment of basic research level (universities and institutes), applied research level (corporations), and industry competitiveness | Analysis of scientific literatures and patents (quantitative) Experts review(qualitative) | (CRDS 2013) |
Korea | Korea Institute of Science Technology and Evaluation Planning (KISTEP) | Focused on 120 key science and technologies for the 3rd Science and Technology Basic Plan (2013–2017) Technology level and time gap of major 5 nations relative to the nation of the highest level | Analysis of scientific literatures and patents (quantitative) Delphi survey (qualitative) | (KISTEP 2013) |