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Table 1 The mean similarity scores on an eight-point scale

From: Missing phonemes are perceptually restored but differently by native and non-native listeners

 

Words

Non-words

Marginal mean

NS

Added

 Nasal

7.01

6.81

6.91

 Liquid

6.89

6.67

6.78

 Marginal mean

6.95

6.74

 

Replaced

 Nasal

6.32

6.09

6.21

 Liquid

6.14

5.51

5.83

 Marginal mean

6.23

5.80

 

NNS

Added

 Nasal

6.36

6.44

6.40

 Liquid

6.18

6.19

6.18

 Marginal mean

6.27

6.32

 

Replaced

 Nasal

5.85

5.84

5.85

 Liquid

5.41

5.29

5.35

 Marginal mean

5.63

5.57

 
  1. NS native speakers of English, NNS non-native speakers of English (Japanese native speakers of English who spoke English as a second language
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