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Table 1 Characteristics by race and income

From: Physical impairments and physical therapy services for minority and low-income breast cancer survivors

Characteristica

Overall

N = 577

Race

P valueb

Income

P valuec

White

N = 266

AA

N = 262

≤$10 k

N = 119

$10,001–$20,000 

N = 129

$20,001–$40,000 

N = 137

≥$40,000 

N = 139

Age (years), mean

63.7

64.9

62.2

0.0002

63.3

64.6

64.7

61.2

0.0017

Education (%)

         

 <High school

17.7

15.5

17.9

0.79

37.3

19.8

11.0

0.0

<0.0001

 High school

27.9

29.4

27.2

 

29.7

39.7

30.1

13.0

 

 Some College/vocational training

29.4

27.6

30.4

 

26.3

29.4

36.0

26.8

 

 College graduate

13.7

14.7

14.0

 

4.2

8.7

12.5

29.0

 

 Graduate school

11.4

12.8

10.5

 

2.5

9.6

9.6

31.2

 

 Missing/refuse

1.0

0.4

1.9

 

0.8

2.3

0.7

0.7

 

No. of years since BC diagnosis, mean

12.6

12.7

12.5

0.74

13.4

13.4

12.5

11.3

0.073

BMI, mean

31.2

29.5

32.9

<0.0001

32.5

31.9

31.0

29.2

0.0014

% Incomec

         

 <$10 K

22.7

29.0

33.3

<0.0001

–

–

–

–

–

 $10 K–$20 K

24.6

24.7

24.7

 

–

–

–

–

–

 $20 K–$40 K

26.2

30.5

22.4

 

–

–

–

–

–

 >$40 K

26.5

33.6

19.6

 

–

–

–

–

–

Raceb

         

 White

–

–

–

–

11.2

24.7

30.5

33.6

<0.0001

 AA

–

–

–

 

33.3

24.7

22.4

19.6

 

Enrollment location (%)

         

 Community health center

58.6

54.1

60.7

0.13

75.6

71.3

51.1

35.3

<0.0001

 Public recruitment

41.4

45.9

39.3

 

24.4

28.7

48.9

64.8

 

Insurance (%)*

         

 Medicaid

17.3

11.3

22.5

0.0006

52.1

14.1

5.8

0.7

<0.0001

 Medicare

54.8

57.1

52.7

0.30

58.8

70.5

55.5

36.7

<0.0001

 Private

53.5

60.2

47.7

0.0041

18.5

36.4

67.2

86.3

<0.0001

 Champus

4.5

4.9

4.2

0.70

0.8

1.6

6.6

7.2

0.0036

 Other

9.3

10.2

8.8

0.59

8.4

10.9

11.0

7.2

0.56

 None

8.0

7.5

7.3

0.90

10.1

10.1

11.0

0.7

0.0021

 Missing/refuse

6.8

0

0

–

52.1

14.1

5.8

0.7

<0.0001

BC treatment (%)

         

 Any surgery

98.4

98.5

98.9

0.72

99.2

100.0

97.8

97.8

0.18

 Mastectomy

60.5

61.1

61.0

0.99

68.6

65.9

59.0

50.7

0.0014

 Lumpectomy

46.4

48.9

43.2

0.20

33.1

41.9

50.0

58.8

<0.0001

 Sentinel or axillary node dissection

58.7

62.9

55.9

0.11

64.9

52.4

53.4

65.2

0.47

 Chemotherapy

47.2

45.9

49.4

0.41

46.6

45.0

46.7

52.5

0.25

 Radiation

47.4

47.7

48.7

0.83

40.2

41.1

48.5

60.4

0.0002

 Long term medication

47.3

52.3

43.5

0.044

38.1

45.3

53.3

49.6

0.072

 No. of modalities mean (SD)

3.2 (1.4)

3.4 (1.5)

3.2 (1.3)

0.091

3.0 (1.2)

3.1 (1.4)

3.3 (1.4)

3.6 (1.4)

0.0042

High blood pressure (%)

53.9

39.8

68.3

<0.0001

71.4

60.9

50.4

37.0

<0.0001

Myocardial Infarct (%)

5.1

3.8

5.0

0.50

4.2

8.5

4.4

0.7

0.022

Diabetes (%)

25.8

16.2

34.0

<0.0001

37.0

33.3

19.0

13.7

<0.0001

Stroke (%)

4.5

4.1

4.6

0.80

7.6

8.5

0.7

2.2

0.0037

Hepatitis (%)

2.1

1.1

3.4

0.076

5.9

1.6

1.5

0.7

0.028

Emphysema (%)

8.4

8.6

8.1

0.81

17.6

7.0

6.6

4.3

0.0008

Depression (%)

23.0

25.2

21.4

0.30

40.3

27.1

16.1

12.9

<0.0001

Osteoarthritis (%)

57.8

56.0

60.7

0.28

77.3

53.5

61.3

43.2

<0.0001

Menopause (%)

96.0

98.5

93.9

0.0056

91.6

99.2

97.8

95.0

<0.0001

  1. aCongestive heart failure, HIV/AIDS, memory problems, paralysis, were excluded because they were not significant
  2. bComparisons by race are independent samples t tests (continuous variables) and Chi square tests (categorical variables)
  3. cDifferences between income groups are from ANOVA tests (continuous variables) and Chi square tests (categorical variables)
  4. * Participants selected all applicable insurance types and combinations reported are: Medicaid + Medicare (n = 43), Medicaid + Medicare + Other (n = 13), Medicaid + Other (n = 8), and Medicare + Other (n = 152)